Squatting disease and blight are two serious threats to the seedling stage of Qiuyan solanaceous vegetables. If not controlled in time, these diseases can lead to severe seedling death, reducing both the quality of the vegetable yield and causing significant losses for farmers. Proper management and timely intervention are essential to prevent such damage.
First, let's understand the main symptoms:
1. **Squatting Disease** is a fungal infection that affects seedlings from germination up to the stage when they have 3–4 true leaves. Before emergence, infected seeds may rot. Once the seedlings appear, the stems develop water-soaked lesions that quickly expand into a narrow, linear shape. The stems become soft and folded, while the young leaves remain green. This condition can severely weaken or kill the seedlings.
2. **Blight Disease**, also caused by fungi, typically appears during the middle to late stages of seedling development. Initially, dark brown oval lesions form at the base of the stem. Affected plants wilt during the day but recover at night. As the disease progresses, the lesions expand, and the plants eventually die upright.
To manage these diseases effectively, here are some prevention and control methods:
1. **Seed Disinfection**: Treat seeds with a new high-fat membrane before sowing. This helps protect against underground pests, isolate viruses, and does not interfere with germination or seed swelling. It also enhances respiration and improves the germination rate.
2. **Greenhouse Hygiene**: Regularly remove diseased plants, old leaves, and weeds from the greenhouse. Clean up dead leaves, roots, and other debris. Spraying protective agents on tree guards can help eliminate pathogens and reduce the spread of disease.
3. **Improved Management**: Seedlings are vulnerable to environmental stress like heavy rain and intense sunlight, which can weaken them and lower their resistance. Strengthening management practices, such as proper watering and protection from extreme weather, is crucial. Applying a new high-fat film during the seedling stage can help retain moisture, reduce transpiration, and protect against pests and diseases.
4. **Physical Regulation**: Using strong stem sprays can promote thicker stems and healthier foliage. This not only improves plant resilience but also reduces the need for chemical pesticides and fertilizers, leading to safer, more natural produce.
5. **Pesticide Application**: It is recommended to use low-toxic, non-residual bio-pesticides. In the early stages of disease, a mixture of 72.2% Plectranthus water agent (diluted 400 times) and new high-fat film (diluted 600 times) can be applied at 2–3 liters per square meter. For 15% carbaryl water agent, dilute it 450 times. When both squatting and blight diseases occur together, a combination of 72.2% Plectranthus water agent (800 times), 50% thiram WP (800 times), and new high-fat film (600 times) can significantly improve treatment effectiveness.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can better protect their crops, reduce losses, and ensure a healthier, more sustainable harvest.
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