When it comes to energy-efficient doors and windows, there are currently no official national standards or specific indicators in place. However, as someone who has worked in the industry for years, I’d like to share my personal insights on what truly makes a door or window energy-efficient. In my opinion, many of the common views on this topic are rather one-sided and fail to consider the full picture.
Many people believe that energy-saving doors and windows simply refer to those with coated glass or low-E glass. While these types of glass do contribute to energy efficiency, I don’t think that’s the whole story. Doors and windows are actually part of a complex industrial chain, involving multiple disciplines such as rubber manufacturing, wood processing, and surface treatments. Even small details can significantly impact the overall performance of a window. For example, if the rubber seal is not high quality, it may degrade within a year, leading to air leaks and poor insulation. So, how can we call it energy-efficient if it doesn’t even keep the heat in?
From my perspective, energy-efficient doors and windows should be evaluated based on several key factors:
First, the material used
Today, doors and windows are made from various materials, including aluminum alloy, PVC (plastic steel), solid wood, and even some iron. It's well known that materials like iron and aluminum have high thermal conductivity, which means they can easily lose heat, making homes feel colder in winter. PVC windows have become popular in recent years due to their affordability, but they tend to be less durable and can become brittle over time, raising safety concerns. Solid wood windows are considered the most energy-efficient and eco-friendly option, but they come with their own challenges—such as susceptibility to rot, cracking, and fire risks. However, with proper treatment and advanced technology, wood can be made very stable. The downside is that wooden windows tend to be more expensive.
Second, the type of glass
Glass makes up the majority of a window’s surface, so its quality plays a crucial role in energy efficiency. There are different types of glass available on the market, including regular glass, tempered glass, coated glass, and low-E glass. Each type has its own advantages. Among them, low-E glass is often regarded as the best choice for energy savings because it effectively blocks harmful rays like infrared, far-infrared, and ultraviolet light. This helps maintain indoor temperatures and reduces the need for heating or cooling. Recently, the government has started requiring the use of insulating glass in high-rise buildings, which typically consists of two layers of glass. However, in reality, many products on the market are just two panes glued together without real insulation properties. In contrast, countries like Germany have long required three-layer glass in buildings, which offers superior thermal performance. The gap between Chinese and German hollow glass technology is still significant.
Third, the overall energy efficiency of the window
Energy efficiency in doors and windows isn’t just about the glass—it’s about the entire system. A window can’t be considered energy-efficient if it only has good glass but lacks proper sealing. Sealing is a critical factor that directly affects energy loss. Poorly sealed windows can lead to drafts and wasted energy. The sealing process involves several aspects, including the choice of sealing materials. High-quality sealing strips should be flexible, elastic, and resistant to weather conditions. They should also maintain their properties even at extremely low temperatures, such as -20°C. Additionally, special techniques are needed to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building, reducing noise and improving comfort.
In conclusion, energy-efficient doors and windows aren’t just about the materials or the glass alone—they require a holistic approach that includes design, manufacturing, and installation. Only when all these elements work together can we truly achieve energy savings and comfort in our homes.
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