The role of safety helmets and precautions for use

The Function of a Hard Hat

1. Shock Absorption: A safety helmet is designed with a 25–50mm gap between the outer shell and the inner liner. This space helps absorb impact by allowing the shell to deform slightly when struck, preventing direct force from reaching the head.

2. Stress Distribution: The shape of the helmet’s shell is typically oval or hemispherical with a smooth surface. When an object hits the helmet, it slides off rather than staying in place. The impact is spread across the shell and then absorbed by the liner, reducing the force by more than two-thirds. The remaining force is distributed evenly across the cap liner, minimizing pressure on any single point of the skull and preventing serious injury.

3. Biomechanical Protection: According to national standards, a safety helmet must be able to absorb up to 4900N of force. This requirement comes from biomechanical research showing that excessive force can damage the cervical spine, causing pain, spasms, or even life-threatening conditions.

Important Safety Helmet Guidelines

To ensure maximum protection, it's essential to choose a certified helmet and use it correctly. Follow these key guidelines:

1. Before wearing, inspect all parts of the helmet for damage. Check that the inner lining is securely fastened, the adjustment mechanisms are tight, and the straps are properly secured. If the distance between the cap liner and shell is not within the 25–50mm range, adjust the internal straps accordingly. Ensure everything is in working order before use.

2. Adjust the headband to fit your head size comfortably—neither too tight nor too loose. For workers at height, helmets should include a chin strap and neck band to prevent slipping or falling off during movement.

3. If the helmet has been involved in a heavy impact, stop using it immediately and replace it if there are cracks or deformations. Most helmets have a lifespan of no more than three years, so regular replacement is important.

4. Store the helmet away from extreme heat, sunlight, moisture, chemicals, or heavy objects. Avoid placing it near sharp items that could damage the shell or liner.

5. Clean the helmet and its liner with cold or warm water (below 50°C). Do not expose it to high heat, such as a radiator, as this can cause warping or structural damage.

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