Must Know Security Knowledge

Emergency warnings are categorized into four levels: red (extremely serious), orange (serious), yellow (more severe), and blue (general). These alerts help in understanding the severity of potential threats and guide appropriate responses.

Evaluating the control of hazard sources involves assessing several key factors. First, it's about preventing human errors from occurring. Second, it's about minimizing the consequences if an error does occur. Third, it's about stopping failures from spreading to other areas. Lastly, it's about making it difficult for mistakes or failures to lead to accidents.

A dangerous substance may exceed its critical mass in two scenarios. One is when the quantity of a single hazardous material in a unit reaches or exceeds its critical mass. The second scenario occurs when the sum of the ratio of each hazardous substance in a unit to its respective critical mass exceeds one.

Hazard Control

To prevent accidents, security measures include eliminating hazards, limiting energy or hazardous substances, and isolating them from people or other systems.

To reduce or avoid losses from accidents, techniques such as segregation and evacuation and rescue operations are commonly used.

A general hazard source consists of three elements: the presence of a potential hazard, the conditions that allow it to be active, and the triggering factors that initiate an incident.

Safety Epigram

Discipline doesn’t restrict freedom; rather, it creates a safe path. A system acts like a railroad, ensuring safety and happiness. Carry an umbrella to protect against rain. Violations of safety rules can lead to serious consequences.

Major hazards and dangers refer to those that have the potential to cause significant accidents. A major hazard source is an entity—such as equipment or stored materials—that contains energy or substances exceeding critical thresholds. Major accident risks involve potential incidents that could result in over ten fatalities, economic losses exceeding RMB 5 million, or major social impacts.

According to GB 18218-2000, a major hazard source is any unit (including facilities or sites) that produces, transports, uses, or stores dangerous goods either permanently or temporarily, and where the quantity equals or exceeds the critical amount. Typically, a unit refers to a production facility, location, or multiple connected locations within a factory that are less than 500 meters apart.

When a major hazard source causes an accident, it often results in catastrophic events such as mass casualties, fires, explosions, or poisonings.

GB 18218-2000 classifies major hazard sources into two categories: those located at production sites and those in storage areas.

There are four main types of hazardous substances: explosive, flammable, reactive, and toxic. The hazard level of these sources is generally divided into four tiers based on the radius of death (R): primary (R ≥ 200M), secondary (100M ≤ R < 200M), tertiary (50M ≤ R < 100M), and quaternary (R < 50M).

Major hazards can manifest in various forms, including extraordinary fire accidents, traffic incidents, construction-related disasters, chemical and explosive accidents, mining incidents, and equipment-related accidents.

Safety Evaluation Methods

Safety evaluation methods use scientific principles and practical experience to assess risk. Common approaches include fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, material hazard index assessment, hazardous material scoring, operating condition hazard rating, and system safety basic scoring.

Safety Epigram

Ignoring safety while focusing on production is like taking fire from the fire. Good intentions without proper safety measures can actually increase risk. A single effective measure is better than ten slogans.

Safety inspection methods include regular inspections, specialized checks, and mass participation efforts. Inspections can be statutory, external, administrative, routine, production-related, or continuous, depending on the situation.

Before starting any inspection, it's important to define what needs to be checked, how, when, and by whom. Improving inspection quality involves using checklists, documenting findings, reviewing past reports, asking questions, tracking issues, and conducting quantitative assessments.

Major hazardous substances in the workplace can introduce harmful factors such as toxic chemicals, dust, abnormal temperatures, radiation, pressure variations, and noise or vibration.

Safety courses cover a wide range of formats, including lectures, seminars, audiovisual presentations, and hands-on training. Safety training includes orientation for new workers, job-specific instruction, management training, and specialized technical education.

Re-employment safety education is provided to employees returning to work after injuries, illness, or long breaks. It includes specific programs for those who have recovered from work-related injuries or have been away for more than three months.

The "five new" safety education covers new technologies, processes, materials, equipment, and products. It ensures that workers are properly trained before adopting new systems.

To effectively implement safety education and training, organizations should establish dedicated roles, ensure consistency, use varied and engaging methods, integrate with accident prevention, build strong systems, study worker psychology, develop tailored materials, and promote school-based safety education.

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