Incandescent lamps have long been popular due to their simplicity, low cost, and ease of use. One of their key advantages is the ability to easily adjust and control brightness, making them suitable for a variety of lighting applications. Additionally, they offer excellent color rendering with a Color Rendering Index (Ra) of 100, which means they accurately display colors in comparison to natural light. However, these bulbs also come with several significant drawbacks. Their service life is relatively short, and their luminous efficiency is quite low—typically only about 6% of the energy consumed is converted into visible light, with the rest lost as heat. Philips, one of the leading manufacturers, can achieve up to 10% efficiency, but even that is far from optimal. Another issue is their low color temperature, usually ranging between 2700K and 3100K, which gives off a warm but less bright light compared to other modern lighting technologies. Despite these limitations, halogen bulbs have significantly improved upon traditional incandescent lamps by addressing many of these issues while still retaining their core benefits, such as good color quality and easy dimming. This makes them a more efficient and longer-lasting option without sacrificing the familiar lighting experience that incandescent bulbs provide.
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