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Methods for Reinforcing Bearing Steel

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The surface and internal structure of bearing components differ significantly in terms of design, layout, and functional requirements. Traditional overall heat treatment often fails to meet these specific demands, limiting the full potential of the material. Modern reinforcement techniques allow for better adaptation to the differences between the surface and core, enabling the surface to achieve special operational functions that meet the needs of bearings under specific conditions. In recent years, advanced methods such as laser, electron beam, and ion beam treatments have emerged, moving beyond traditional heat treatment into new technological fields. These modern techniques are now widely applied in surface enhancement, offering more efficient and precise solutions. Today, surface reinforcement methods can be classified from various perspectives, with one common categorization based on physical and chemical processes, dividing them into five main types: external deformation strengthening, external heat treatment strengthening, chemical heat treatment strengthening, surface metallurgical strengthening, and surface film strengthening. 1. **External Deformation Strengthening**: This method involves mechanically deforming the metal surface to create a hardened layer with high hardness and strength. Also known as work hardening, it includes techniques like shot peening, sand blasting, cold extrusion, rolling, cold rolling, impact, and blasting. These methods increase dislocation density, refine crystal structure, improve hardness and strength, and reduce surface roughness. They are widely used in the bearing industry, particularly in the external impact of rolling elements and fine rolling, which has become a modern technique for ferrule processing and strengthening. 2. **External Heat Treatment Strengthening**: This process uses solid-state phase transformation to rapidly heat and quench the outer surface of a component, known as surface quenching. Methods include flame heating, high-frequency induction heating, and laser or electron beam heating. These techniques are effective in improving wear resistance and fatigue strength, especially for large and extra-large bearing parts that experience impact loads.

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