Principle and Analysis of Thrust Bearing Design in Centrifugal Compressors

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The Jinshi thrust bearing is a type of laminated, active balance thrust bearing. It consists of multiple thrust blocks that are arranged to ensure even load distribution. Each thrust block includes an upper level block, a lower level block, and a base ring, forming a three-layer structure stacked on the base ring. The contact between the thrust block and the level block is facilitated by a spherical pivot, allowing for dynamic movement and adjustment. The working principle of this bearing relies on the ability of the level blocks to redistribute the load when the forces acting on each thrust block are uneven. If the load is not balanced, the thrust block may tilt, causing instability. However, the upper and lower level blocks work together to push and adjust the load until it is evenly distributed across all thrust blocks, restoring balance to the system. This mechanism ensures that even with significant shaft deflection or changes in the pivot angle, the oil film pressure remains uniform across all pads, enhancing the stability and performance of the bearing. A typical layout of the Jinshi thrust bearing includes the thrust pad, a horizontal block that can move up and down, a carrier plate, and an oil control ring. Lubricating oil enters the bearing cavity through a notch at the bottom of the carrier plate. As the rotor rotates, the oil is directed between the thrust pads and spreads out along the bearing surface. Centrifugal force then pushes the oil toward the outer edge, where it exits through oil drain holes located on the upper part of the oil control ring, completing the lubrication cycle. This design is particularly effective in high-speed centrifugal compressors, where maintaining stable oil film pressure and minimizing wear are crucial for long-term performance and reliability.

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