**Industry Development: Sustained Growth**
The global industrial robot market reached its peak in 2011, with 166,000 units sold since 1961. In 2012, sales slightly declined to 159,000 units, mainly due to a drop in the electronics sector, but the automotive industry continued to show strong growth. As automation levels in manufacturing improved globally, especially in China, it was estimated that by 2017, global industrial robot sales would reach 250,000 units, growing at a compound annual rate of 9.5%.
In 2012, the personal and public service robot markets were valued at 7.3 billion yuan and 20.8 billion yuan respectively. Public service robots are more advanced in terms of industrialization, with significant market potential. The global industrial robot market is dominated by China, the EU, the US, and Japan, with these four regions accounting for 71.24% of total installations and 69.92% of sales.
By the end of 2012, over 2.47 million robots had been sold worldwide, with an average lifespan of 12 years and up to 15 years for some models. It was estimated that the global robot inventory ranged between 1.2 million and 1.5 million units. Asia and Australia saw a 9% increase in robot sales, driven largely by China, which recorded a 30% rise in industrial robot sales that year.
Japan remains the top exporter of industrial robots, producing 66% of the world’s robots, while Asia (excluding Japan) accounted for about 34% of global consumption, led by China. The ratio of robot sales to machine tool sales reflects a country’s level of robotic adoption. In the US, Japan, and Germany, this ratio ranges from 15% to 25%, indicating a stable trend in robot usage. However, in China, this ratio remained below 5% between 2006 and 2011, signaling large untapped potential.
The US, Japan, and the EU lead in robotics development, each with distinct strengths: Japan excels in industrial and home robots, the EU leads in industrial and medical robots, and the US focuses on system integration, medical, and defense robotics. Four major global companies captured over 50% of the market in 2012, highlighting their dominance.
Robot system integrators include both manufacturer-led firms and independent players like Dürr, Muse, and Comau. With the rise of service robots, new players such as Intuitive Surgical (Da Vinci robots) and iRobot (Roomba) have emerged.
**Why Does Japan Surpass the US?**
The development of the robotics industry can be divided into five stages: technical preparation, industrial incubation, formation, development, and intelligence. While the US, Japan, and the EU have completed the first four stages and are now in the intelligent phase, China is still in its early stages.
The US leads in system integration, Japan emphasizes supply chain division, and the EU focuses on integrated solutions. China’s current model is closer to the US, but future growth may follow Japan’s supply chain approach if domestic robot production improves.
Industrial robots entered factories in the 1960s, and by the 2000s, the US and Japan had developed advanced technologies. However, the US has seen slower growth in robot production due to offshoring and focus on system integration. Japan, on the other hand, became a leader in the 1980s, surpassing the US in robot manufacturing and becoming known as the “robot kingdom.â€
**Integration Seeks Key Breakthroughs**
According to forecasts, the domestic industrial robot market in China expanded fourfold in 2012, with a projected 30% CAGR over the next five years. The main market capacity was expected to reach 19.5 billion yuan, while the combined market for robots and systems could hit 80.7 billion yuan. Service robots, including surgical and household models, also showed strong growth potential.
2014 marked a turning point for China’s robot industry, with increased integration and localization efforts. Companies like Cixing and Gugao collaborated, and Xinshida acquired key players, signaling a shift toward domestic control. Localizing components such as controllers and servo motors was expected to see major progress.
Robots are high-tech, with most industry segments maintaining high gross margins. Medical surgical robots, in particular, can achieve margins above 70%. The market for servo motors and drives was expected to grow to 5.2 billion yuan by 2017, with Chinese manufacturers like Estun and HuiChuan making strides. Robot controllers, with lower localization barriers, were also expected to see significant domestic growth.
The reducer market, though a simple mechanical part, remains one of the hardest to localize, requiring time and investment. Overall, the robot industry is evolving rapidly, with integration and localization driving future growth.
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