In the daily operation of a power system, various factors such as the quality of power cables, improper installation practices, and inadequate maintenance can disrupt normal cable performance. Common line faults include short-circuit faults, ground faults, and partial discharge or line malfunction. These issues not only affect the reliability of the power supply but also pose serious risks to safety and operational efficiency.
**Causes and Solutions for Power Cable Line Faults**
External damage is one of the most common causes of cable failures. During the laying and transportation of cables, they may be subjected to physical harm, especially when buried cables are affected by nearby construction activities. Such incidents account for approximately 50% of all cable-related accidents. To prevent this, it's essential to ensure high-quality work during storage, transportation, and installation. More importantly, strict adherence to the "no-dig" policy in areas where cables are laid is crucial to avoid accidental damage.
Another major issue is the corrosion of the protective layer. Electrochemical corrosion from stray currents underground or chemical corrosion from non-neutral soils can degrade the protective sheath, leaving the insulation vulnerable. To address this, drainage systems should be installed in areas with high stray current concentration. In regions where the soil contains harmful chemicals, the affected cable sections should be placed inside protective conduits, using neutral soil as a cushion and covering material. Additionally, applying an asphalt coating on the cable can provide further protection.
Over-voltage and overload conditions can also lead to cable failure. If the cable is improperly sized for the voltage or experiences sudden surges, or if it operates under long-term overload, the insulation may break down, leading to a complete failure. Regular inspections and improved operational conditions are necessary to mitigate these risks and ensure the longevity of the cable.
Water ingress at outdoor terminal heads is another critical problem. Poor construction practices, such as insufficient filling of insulating compound, can cause the terminal head to become waterlogged, eventually leading to explosions. To prevent this, strict compliance with construction standards is required, along with thorough inspections and timely maintenance. If oil leakage is detected at the terminal head, it can compromise the sealing structure, causing the impregnating compound to dry out, increasing thermal resistance, accelerating insulation aging, and making the cable more susceptible to moisture absorption and thermal breakdown. In severe cases, the power must be cut off, and the terminal should be reinstalled promptly.
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