ETC Electronic Toll System is a high-tech intelligent transportation electronic system that integrates microwave wireless communication, image recognition, automatic control, sensing technology, computer network and information processing, etc. It is automatically installed on the road side through vehicle-mounted electronic tags or The microwave antenna on the gantry exchanges information so that the vehicle can automatically collect road tolls without stopping. This article focuses on the working principle, system composition, system functions and workflow of the expressway ETC electronic toll collection system.
1 Introduction
With the continuous growth of expressway network toll collection and continuous increase of traffic volume, the problem of vehicle congestion and environmental pollution at expressway toll stations has become increasingly prominent. How to improve the capacity of clearing and the processing efficiency of lane tolls is imminent. ETC electronic toll collection system uses microwave radio communication, computer network and information processing, image recognition, sensing technology, automatic control and many other high-tech means to automatically use vehicle-mounted electronic tags and microwave antennas installed on the roadside or gantry. Information exchange enables vehicles to automatically collect road tolls without parking. Vehicles that pass through toll stations without stopping can significantly increase the toll station's capacity, reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions caused by queuing and payment, and greatly improve high-speed The traffic conditions of the highway greatly promote the development of highway toll management.
2. Overview of ETC Electronic Toll System
ETC electronic toll collection system is a kind of intelligent wireless high-speed communication, computer network and information processing, image recognition, sensor technology, automatic control and other high-tech applications in the highway toll system, to realize the automatic charging of vehicles without parking. Transportation electronic system.
ETC electronic charging method has the advantages of full-automatic, fast and convenient, non-cash transactions, large capacity, etc. It utilizes vehicle-mounted electronic tags to automatically exchange information with microwave antennas installed on the roadside or gantry, and controls the computer according to the insertion of electronic tags. The information stored in it identifies the road user's information, and it automatically completes the charging process without the need for driver parking and other payroll operations. Compared with the traditional MTC system, ETC system has the following characteristics:
(1) Effectively improve the traffic capacity of the toll lanes and speed up the charging rate; (2) Reduce the loss of mechanical parts caused by brakes, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce vehicle exhaust pollution; (3) Multiple card-based toll stations for convenience Drivers; (4) System management is simple, work is safe and reliable; (5) The toll of corruption in the toll collection work is eliminated.
3, ETC electronic charging system works
ETC electronic toll collection system mainly utilizes automatic vehicle identification technology to identify "electronic tags" of on-board units (OBUs) on the vehicle through the signal transmission and receiving device (RSU) of the control system on the roadside or gantry. The information stored in the electronic tag identifies the basic information of the vehicle, and the toll is deducted from the owner's bank account or stored value according to the driving condition of the vehicle. After the transaction is successful, the lane railings are automatically lifted and the vehicles are released; after the vehicles pass, the railings are automatically lowered. The entire process does not require manual intervention and the vehicle does not stop to pass quickly through the ETC toll lane.
4, ETC electronic charging system composition
The ETC electronic toll collection system mainly consists of ETC toll lanes, toll management systems, ETC management centers, specialized banks and transmission networks. According to the division of labor, the system can be divided into two parts: the front-end system and the back-end system.
The front desk mainly implements parking fees through the ETC toll lane system. ETC lane equipment mainly consists of antenna, antenna controller, trigger coil, snap coil, drop rod coil, automatic barrier, traffic light, flash alarm, lane computer, lane controller, fee display (with balance display function), lane Cameras, character overlays, fog lamps, license plate recognition systems, etc.
The background system consists of toll management subsystem, ETC management center and professional banks. It is responsible for background ETC transaction data service, operation parameter management, and system operation monitoring. Through the data interface software, ETC electronic charging system and network charging are realized at the station level. System data processing work. The ETC Management Center is the top management of the ETC system. It not only handles the processing and exchange of charging information and data, but also performs the necessary management functions. The back-end system conducts transactions, account splits, and financial settlements between highway companies and users based on the data files received. It is equipped with powerful computers to collect and process various data and images in the system.
5, ETC electronic charging system function
(1) Detecting the vehicle's exit, departure, and counting of vehicles, transmitting the test results. In combination with vehicle identification, it can determine whether the vehicle has an electronic tag (OBU); (2) It has real-time image capture and license plate recognition functions. When the vehicle passes through the lane, the capture device automatically captures and saves the image of the vehicle, identifies the license plate number and saves it; (3) Writes information on population toll stations, vehicle models, etc. into Sutongka information in the population lane; Calculate the toll amount for the toll stations and rates etc. that the vehicle passes through; (4) Correctly control the lane equipment actions according to the lane computer control instructions, including the automatic railings rise, the traffic light switch, the alarm switch, and the fee display. Display, switching of the greenhouse lamp, etc.; (5) Complete the data exchange between the lane and the toll station. Including receiving information from the toll station, uploading the original toll data of Sutongka, and passing information of the population lanes; etc. (6) If the vehicle passes through the ETC lane, an anomaly will occur. The vehicle-to-system will intercept the vehicle and the vehicle will not be allowed to pass. No longer out of the vehicle, the toll station staff led to the next MTC lane.
6, ETC electronic charging system workflow
(1) When the vehicle equipped with an electronic tag enters the communication range, it is first pressed to the trigger coil buried in the ground to activate the read-write antenna; (2) The read-write antenna communicates with the electronic tag, and the electronic tag emits the electronic tag in a microwave manner. And model code, read/write antenna receives and discriminates the validity of the electronic tag, if the electronic tag is valid, the transaction is performed, if it is invalid, the alarm is reported and the lane is closed until the vehicle leaves the detection coil; (3) For vehicles with invalid cards or no cards If it follows the car in a toll lane, the reader antenna will activate the fast automatic railing, close the toll lane, and intercept the rushed vehicle on the spot. (4) If the transaction is successful, the lane control rails will be lifted, the lane traffic lights will turn green, and the transaction information will be displayed on the fee display; (5) When the vehicle passes the snap coil, the system will perform image capture, and the character superimposer will superimpose the vehicle information to In the captured image; (6) After the vehicle passes the drop rod coil, the railing automatically falls back and the traffic lane traffic light turns red; (7) The system saves the transaction information and uploads it to the toll booth server. A charging process is completed and the next vehicle is waiting for entry.
7. Conclusion
With the increase of networked toll roads, compared with MTC, the advantages of ETC tolls have become increasingly prominent. However, current ETC electronic toll systems still have problems with communication technologies, follow-up interference, unsuitable trucks, false alarms, and high investment costs. , and the problems of incomplete ETC technical standards, different key system standards, and different networked toll management mechanisms between neighboring provinces, with the continuous improvement of communication technology and inter-provincial ETC technology, ETC electronic charging system will rely on its Incomparable flexibility and extensibility have been widely promoted and applied in highway toll management.
1 Introduction
With the continuous growth of expressway network toll collection and continuous increase of traffic volume, the problem of vehicle congestion and environmental pollution at expressway toll stations has become increasingly prominent. How to improve the capacity of clearing and the processing efficiency of lane tolls is imminent. ETC electronic toll collection system uses microwave radio communication, computer network and information processing, image recognition, sensing technology, automatic control and many other high-tech means to automatically use vehicle-mounted electronic tags and microwave antennas installed on the roadside or gantry. Information exchange enables vehicles to automatically collect road tolls without parking. Vehicles that pass through toll stations without stopping can significantly increase the toll station's capacity, reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions caused by queuing and payment, and greatly improve high-speed The traffic conditions of the highway greatly promote the development of highway toll management.
2. Overview of ETC Electronic Toll System
ETC electronic toll collection system is a kind of intelligent wireless high-speed communication, computer network and information processing, image recognition, sensor technology, automatic control and other high-tech applications in the highway toll system, to realize the automatic charging of vehicles without parking. Transportation electronic system.
ETC electronic charging method has the advantages of full-automatic, fast and convenient, non-cash transactions, large capacity, etc. It utilizes vehicle-mounted electronic tags to automatically exchange information with microwave antennas installed on the roadside or gantry, and controls the computer according to the insertion of electronic tags. The information stored in it identifies the road user's information, and it automatically completes the charging process without the need for driver parking and other payroll operations. Compared with the traditional MTC system, ETC system has the following characteristics:
(1) Effectively improve the traffic capacity of the toll lanes and speed up the charging rate; (2) Reduce the loss of mechanical parts caused by brakes, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce vehicle exhaust pollution; (3) Multiple card-based toll stations for convenience Drivers; (4) System management is simple, work is safe and reliable; (5) The toll of corruption in the toll collection work is eliminated.
3, ETC electronic charging system works
ETC electronic toll collection system mainly utilizes automatic vehicle identification technology to identify "electronic tags" of on-board units (OBUs) on the vehicle through the signal transmission and receiving device (RSU) of the control system on the roadside or gantry. The information stored in the electronic tag identifies the basic information of the vehicle, and the toll is deducted from the owner's bank account or stored value according to the driving condition of the vehicle. After the transaction is successful, the lane railings are automatically lifted and the vehicles are released; after the vehicles pass, the railings are automatically lowered. The entire process does not require manual intervention and the vehicle does not stop to pass quickly through the ETC toll lane.
4, ETC electronic charging system composition
The ETC electronic toll collection system mainly consists of ETC toll lanes, toll management systems, ETC management centers, specialized banks and transmission networks. According to the division of labor, the system can be divided into two parts: the front-end system and the back-end system.
The front desk mainly implements parking fees through the ETC toll lane system. ETC lane equipment mainly consists of antenna, antenna controller, trigger coil, snap coil, drop rod coil, automatic barrier, traffic light, flash alarm, lane computer, lane controller, fee display (with balance display function), lane Cameras, character overlays, fog lamps, license plate recognition systems, etc.
The background system consists of toll management subsystem, ETC management center and professional banks. It is responsible for background ETC transaction data service, operation parameter management, and system operation monitoring. Through the data interface software, ETC electronic charging system and network charging are realized at the station level. System data processing work. The ETC Management Center is the top management of the ETC system. It not only handles the processing and exchange of charging information and data, but also performs the necessary management functions. The back-end system conducts transactions, account splits, and financial settlements between highway companies and users based on the data files received. It is equipped with powerful computers to collect and process various data and images in the system.
5, ETC electronic charging system function
(1) Detecting the vehicle's exit, departure, and counting of vehicles, transmitting the test results. In combination with vehicle identification, it can determine whether the vehicle has an electronic tag (OBU); (2) It has real-time image capture and license plate recognition functions. When the vehicle passes through the lane, the capture device automatically captures and saves the image of the vehicle, identifies the license plate number and saves it; (3) Writes information on population toll stations, vehicle models, etc. into Sutongka information in the population lane; Calculate the toll amount for the toll stations and rates etc. that the vehicle passes through; (4) Correctly control the lane equipment actions according to the lane computer control instructions, including the automatic railings rise, the traffic light switch, the alarm switch, and the fee display. Display, switching of the greenhouse lamp, etc.; (5) Complete the data exchange between the lane and the toll station. Including receiving information from the toll station, uploading the original toll data of Sutongka, and passing information of the population lanes; etc. (6) If the vehicle passes through the ETC lane, an anomaly will occur. The vehicle-to-system will intercept the vehicle and the vehicle will not be allowed to pass. No longer out of the vehicle, the toll station staff led to the next MTC lane.
6, ETC electronic charging system workflow
(1) When the vehicle equipped with an electronic tag enters the communication range, it is first pressed to the trigger coil buried in the ground to activate the read-write antenna; (2) The read-write antenna communicates with the electronic tag, and the electronic tag emits the electronic tag in a microwave manner. And model code, read/write antenna receives and discriminates the validity of the electronic tag, if the electronic tag is valid, the transaction is performed, if it is invalid, the alarm is reported and the lane is closed until the vehicle leaves the detection coil; (3) For vehicles with invalid cards or no cards If it follows the car in a toll lane, the reader antenna will activate the fast automatic railing, close the toll lane, and intercept the rushed vehicle on the spot. (4) If the transaction is successful, the lane control rails will be lifted, the lane traffic lights will turn green, and the transaction information will be displayed on the fee display; (5) When the vehicle passes the snap coil, the system will perform image capture, and the character superimposer will superimpose the vehicle information to In the captured image; (6) After the vehicle passes the drop rod coil, the railing automatically falls back and the traffic lane traffic light turns red; (7) The system saves the transaction information and uploads it to the toll booth server. A charging process is completed and the next vehicle is waiting for entry.
7. Conclusion
With the increase of networked toll roads, compared with MTC, the advantages of ETC tolls have become increasingly prominent. However, current ETC electronic toll systems still have problems with communication technologies, follow-up interference, unsuitable trucks, false alarms, and high investment costs. , and the problems of incomplete ETC technical standards, different key system standards, and different networked toll management mechanisms between neighboring provinces, with the continuous improvement of communication technology and inter-provincial ETC technology, ETC electronic charging system will rely on its Incomparable flexibility and extensibility have been widely promoted and applied in highway toll management.
The information about bed slats below,
19*70*1731/1830/1930mm
E0/E1/E2 glue
Poplar,Beech or Birch material
tolerance: thickness +/-0.5mm
width +/- 1mm
length: +/-2mm
Around 45-50CBM per 40`HQ
Standard export package with pallet
LVL bed slat can replace solid wood bed slat. More appearance options are available.
1.Variety of wood options
Poplar, Birch, Beech etc. bed slats are available.
2.Variety of appearance options
Wood Veneers (burlywood color, bleached), paper etc.
3. Special Customizing
Special-shaped bed slat can be customized
4. Quality stability
LVL bed slat has low moisture content and smooth surface, uneasy to become mildewed, and uneasy to wrap.
LVL Bed Slats,Bed Slats Lowes,Wooden Bed Slats,Wood Slats Bed Base
Fushi Wood Group , http://www.fushiplywood.com