The harvesting period of summer cucumber coincides with the off-season of vegetables, and the market price of fresh melon is stable and the economic benefits are good. In addition, due to the high temperature in summer, the sunshine is long, the light is strong, and there are many rainstorms and showers, and there are often problems such as elevated female flowers, fewer female flowers, and more pests and diseases. In order to cultivate good summer cucumbers and achieve high yield and income, the following points should be noted in cultivation:
First, choose the fine seed
Choose heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, and disease-resistant varieties suitable for summer cultivation: such as Xiaqing No. 4, Jinlu No. 4, Jinza No. 4, Jinchun No. 5, and Jinyou No. 40.
Second, seedling transplanting
During the seedling cultivation of summer cucumbers, due to heavy rains and showers, it is not suitable for live broadcast. The well-drained fields should be selected for transplanting, and the shade nets can be used to prevent high-temperature rainstorms. Seeds are sterilized and immersed in water for 8-10 hours, and then drained and sown. The seeding method commonly used is a plastic nutrition cup and a seedling tray seedling. The nutrient soil should be made of new soil or vegetable garden soil that has not been planted with melons, and one seed is planted at each hole during sowing. When the seedlings are 2 true leaves, they gradually go to the net to increase the light refining.
Third, the selection of land preparation
Cucumber should be planted in a neutral, slightly acidic soil with a smooth surface, convenient irrigation and drainage, loose soil layers, high organic matter content, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. It is planted with crepe, and the crepe size is 1 m wide, 0.4 m high, and 0.3 m wide. When plowing, combined with the application of base fertilizer, 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 1500 kg of organic fertilizer. Before the fertilization, the superphosphate is mixed into the organic fertilizer for 2-3 days, which can improve the fertilizer effect of the superphosphate.
4. Move the seedlings and plant the
When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the transplanting is carried out, and the double-row planting method is adopted. The planting specifications (row and plant spacing) are 0.6 m×0.3 m, and about 3500 plants per mu are suitable.
V. Field Management
1. Introduction of vine vines
When the plants start to vine, grow tendrils, and the plant height is 0.3-0.4 meters, they should take the stent and lead the vines in time. The bracket can adopt a "human" type bracket, which is centered on the center of the kneading surface, and the top of the bracket is placed above the center of the kneading surface. The vines should be carried out on a sunny afternoon. When the vines are introduced, the branches should be evenly distributed, and the vines should be introduced once every 3-4 days. At the same time, the vines are combined with the pruning, and the side vines that grow out of the main vines are removed early. After 6 knots, the side vines are left with one leaf melon. After the main vines are full of toppings, the side vines grow naturally. The yellow leaves of the lower part of the plant were removed in time.
2, fertilizer management
(1) Reasonable topdressing:
Cucumbers are fertile, have the characteristics of weak fertilizer absorption during seedling stage and large amount of fertilizer in the middle and late growth stages, so the topdressing should be from thin to thick. 3-4 days after transplanting, use 8%-10% light urine water before the tendrils, apply once every 3-4 days, apply about 1200 kg per mu; when the tendrils appear to flowering, the urine water concentration can be increased to 20%. The flowering result can be increased to 30% by harvesting concentration, once every 4-5 days, and about 1500 kg per mu. At the same time, because the cucumber needs more nitrogen and potassium in the fruiting stage, after the first time the melon is collected, it is necessary to re-dress the fertilizer once, and apply 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. After entering the harvest period, ditch in the middle of the sputum, apply 15 kg of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer, and cover the soil after application. At the same time, the root dressing is also carried out: the seedlings spray 150-200ppm ethephon at the 3rd and 6th leaf stages, increase the number of female flowers, increase the yield, and later combine the spraying to carry out the root dressing, such as spraying potassium dihydrogen sulfate, A trace element such as magnesium sulfate or boron or a urea solution of 1% or less promotes the growth of cucumber. If the plants are robust and vigorous, the amount of topdressing should be appropriately reduced. If the plant growth is weak, the amount of fertilizer and the amount of topdressing should be increased.
(2) Water Management:
During the seedling stage of summer cucumber, due to heavy rainfall, air humidity and soil moisture are large, generally can not drench water; in case of high temperature, in order to reduce the temperature, water should be properly flooded to supplement the water lost due to transpiration. As the growth of stems and leaves of plants grows from weak to strong, especially in the flowering stage, it is necessary to meet the needs of stem and leaf growth and transpiration, and to ensure the demand for water in flowering results. Therefore, sunny or dry places should maintain half ditch during the day. Water, night drainage, water in the evening, spray water in the morning or evening if necessary to reduce the temperature and increase the number of female flowers.
Sixth, pest control
1. Disease prevention and control
Tripping disease: spraying with 70% diclosan 300 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution or 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution;
Fusarium wilt: spray with 70% dikesone 800 times solution or 20% gram bacteria 800 times solution;
Downy mildew: spraying with 58% syphilis 600 times solution, 72% kelu 750 times solution or 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution;
Powdery mildew: spray with 20% powder rust 2000 times solution, 10% Shigao 2000-3000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 700 times solution;
Angle spot: use 200ppm agricultural streptomycin, 72% can kill 600 times liquid spray control;
Epidemic disease: use 58% toxic mycelium 600 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid spray control or 70% dikesone 1000 times liquid irrigation.
2. Pest Control
Melon: use 1.8% Ai Fuding 3000 times solution, 2.5% Uranus 3000 times liquid or 25% 虱蚜 1500 times liquid spray control;
Melon: use 50% Coulomb 800 times solution, 50% chlorpyrifos 1000 times solution or Bacillus thuringiensis preparations to spray control;
Cucurbita: It is sprayed with 48% lysine 1000 times solution, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution or 80% dichlorvos 1000 times solution.
Seven, timely harvest
Cucumber can be harvested 8-10 days after flowering. If the water and fertilizer are sufficient, the harvesting will be more diligent and the higher the yield, the general requirement is to harvest every day. The harvest should be selected before 8:00 am. The harvest in the afternoon is not only easy to make the melon and fruit produce bitter taste, affecting the quality, but also because the temperature is too high and it is not resistant to storage and transportation.
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