There are many reasons in the overall wiring work that will cause the overall link to be unqualified, such as installation errors, defective defects found in inferior components (cables, connectors, jumpers, etc.), and damage to the installed cables; then the technicians face How to quickly identify the specific cause of complex faults?
According to the performance parameters that fail to pass the test with Flux DSX-600 / DSX-5000 / DSX-8000 testers, technicians can locate the specific reasons for the failure.
1. The five most common errors are using the wiring diagram test function, you can know the continuity and whether each wire in the four-pair cable is correctly connected to the corresponding pin on the far end, including five specific tests-respectively Open circuit, short circuit, reverse wire pair, jumper wire pair and string winding. Each of the above has the potential to cause problems.
If the wiring diagram test shows an open circuit, the conductor may be disconnected at the connection point, the remote pin is incorrectly connected, or is not crimped properly in the IDC connector, resulting in poor contact. It is also possible that the cable is broken or the connector is damaged. A short circuit may also indicate incorrect termination or damage to the connector or cable, but it may also indicate that conductive material is stuck between the pins of the connection point.
Other wiring diagram tests make it easier to determine the specific cause. For reverse wire pairs, jumper wires, and string winding results, the cause is almost always the conductor being connected to the wrong remote pin. The result of the jumper pair may also be caused by the use of 568A and 568B wiring or the use of crossover cables.
2. The reason why the length is unqualified exceeds the length limit obviously means that the cable is too long, but this is not the only potential cause. Another reason may be that the NVP setting is incorrect. NVP is the rated transmission speed, which is the percentage of the transmission speed of the signal in the cable and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave in the vacuum. The tester uses this value to calculate the length of the cable. NVP is expressed as a percentage and is set using the NVP index provided by the cable manufacturer. If the setting of the tested cable is not correct, the test result may exceed the length limit.
When the reported length is shorter than the known cable length, it may indicate a cable break. If the result shows that one or more pairs are significantly shorter than the other pairs, there may be cable damage or poor connection.
3. Causes of loss Insertion loss, the loss that occurs when the signal propagates along the cable, it may be easier to determine this loss. Because the insertion loss is directly related to the link length, one of the reasons may be that the length is too long (unqualified length test is an indicator that can explain the problem). The cause of insertion loss failure may also include untwisted jumpers or poor quality, high-impedance connections, or using the wrong cable type that does not match the application under test. Again, you must ensure that the correct automatic test is selected for the wiring under test.
For the problem of return loss, there are several reasons to consider, most of which can be attributed to improper installation. Improper handling of jumpers may cause impedance changes, cables may be twisted or pairs may be disconnected. However, it is also possible that the impedance of the jumper or cable is wrong (should be 100Ω) or the impedance is discontinuous. Poor quality connectors or mismatched plugs and jacks can also cause return loss failure. And does not rule out the existence of testing problems-you need to ensure that the correct automatic test is selected and the link adapter is working properly. If you accidentally find that the return loss passes the test, remember that cable kinks do not always cause failure, especially when using premium cables.
4. Talk about crosstalk. If the cable link fails or almost fails the near-end crosstalk test (that is, NEXT and PSNEXT), in addition to considering the poor quality of the components, you may also need to consider installation issues. Excessive squeezing due to improper bundling operations (such as the use of plastic cable ties) may result in near-end crosstalk. Excessive looseness at the connection point, string windings, or improper use of couplers may also cause near-end crosstalk. But please note-the use of the wrong link adapter or testing in the vicinity of excessive noise sources may also be the problem.
If the far-end crosstalk ratio is attenuated (ie, ACR-F and PS ACR-F), the practice is to first diagnose and eliminate the near-end crosstalk problem—correcting the near-end crosstalk problem almost always causes the far-end crosstalk problem to be corrected as well. For alien crosstalk tests (ie, ANEXT, PSANEXT, AACRF, and PSAACRF) that fail, it may also be resolved by first solving the near-end crosstalk problem. But the above problem may also be caused by the unbalanced cable. The unbalanced cable means that the cable is not well designed, so that the conductors cannot be properly balanced to offset the injected noise. The failure of the Transverse Conversion Loss (TCL) or Transverse Conversion Transmission Loss (TCTL) parameter is a measure of poor balance and usually corresponds to the failure of the external crosstalk test.
5. Last but not least, if the cable fails the DC resistance test, the connection may be poor due to excessive length or oxidation of the contacts or improper cable connection. It may also be due to the improper specifications and poor quality of the cable you are using, its geometric shape is deformed or the type of cable that should not be used, such as copper-clad aluminum (CCA), copper-clad steel and other non-standard conductors. The resistance of some of the above cables is 55% higher than that of superior solid copper cables of the same diameter, which may cause the cables to overheat in PoE applications. In addition, non-standard cables such as CCA cannot be legally installed to meet the fire safety rating requirements of the National Electrical Code, resulting in violations and increased fire risk.
No more faults in the integrated wiring are not a problem in front of Fluke Precision Instruments. Fluke is the choice of engineers in more than 50 countries around the world. Failure is not a problem, the question is whether you know what tool to use; the right tool can make the job more efficient.
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