As a developing country, China’s energy consumption has increased at an alarming rate every year. Buildings are large energy consumers (building energy consumption in developed countries generally accounts for more than 1/3 of the country's total energy consumption), and their energy-saving benefits become especially important. The concept of "21st Century Architecture" proposed by the construction industry is that buildings themselves generate energy, and BIPV has become a hot spot in the 21st century architecture and photovoltaic technology market.
Photovoltaic building integration is an important application of thin-film solar cells. It is a combination of solar cell power generation and the function of the building's external walls. The solar cell module is installed on the building so that it can both generate electricity and replace building materials. Dual use. Regardless of architectural, technical, or economic considerations, solar photovoltaic building integration has many advantages: it can save solar cell support structure, can replace building materials such as roofs, walls, and windows; it can save solar cell installation costs; and it can effectively use the surface area of ​​buildings. There is no need to take up additional land; it can be shaded to reduce the external temperature of the building and increase the aesthetics of the building; and the combination of solar energy and buildings will enable the building to have its own power supply.
The construction industry has begun to use thin-film solar cells as a source of electricity for photovoltaic buildings, because it can not only generate electricity, but also reduce carbon dioxide emissions, making the advantages of solar photovoltaic buildings more obvious, which is determined by the basic characteristics of thin-film batteries.
First, thin-film batteries are cost-effective and their cost is low. The space for the cost reduction of crystalline silicon solar cells is very limited, and thin-film solar cells not only have a larger space for cost reduction, but also have conversion efficiency close to that of crystalline silicon. The production cost of thin-film solar cells is less than 1 US$/watt, making large areas on buildings. It is possible to lay photovoltaic modules and are widely favored by the construction industry.
Secondly, thin-film batteries have good low-lightness and are relatively small affected by temperature and environment. Even under the influence of bad weather such as sand, rain and snow, they have stable power generation performance. On average, it generates 15% more electricity per year than crystalline silicon.
Photovoltaic modules used in buildings are inevitably obstructed by external environments such as shade, chimneys, dust, and clouds. For crystalline silicon solar cells, small shields can cause large power losses, resulting in high component temperatures, severe component burnout, and even major fires; however, thin-film batteries have low current densities, causing them to suffer shading power loss. Small, the system is more secure, reliable and adaptable. In contrast, thin-film batteries are more in line with the requirements for the selection of photovoltaic buildings.
Finally, from the perspective of architectural aesthetics, the thin-film battery components are uniformly light-transmitting, the external and internal vision effects are good, the overall appearance is good, and it is easier to integrate with the building. The thin-film solar cells can achieve different light transmission effects through laser processing into dots, cloth patterns, etc., and can also adjust the color and shape of the solar cells to meet the aesthetic design of different buildings.
At present, not only in Europe, the United States, Japan and other places, BIPV application system is booming. In China, more and more BIPV demonstration and application systems also show strong vitality. For example, in Weizhou, Shandong, the amorphous silicon thin-film solar module on which the building is built is produced by Pule New Energy (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. As the main venue for China's Sun Valley, it not only has attractive artistic forms. And, in a true sense, it reflects the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. At present, Sun Valley Wei Pai Building is the world's largest solar office building, the overall energy efficiency up to 88%, annual savings of 2640 tons of standard coal, saving 6.6 million degrees, reducing emissions of 8672.4 tons.
Under the situation of increasingly serious environmental pollution, vigorously developing photovoltaic building integration is a new trend in the future. In this regard, thin-film solar cells will gradually replace some of the building materials, and the perfect combination of buildings, so that buildings can have their own power supply, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, has a decisive position.
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