Lin, an 88-year-old former Minister of Aerospace Industry, turned his home into a 3D printing lab.
The reporter came to Lin's home to do an interview on the theme of 3D innovation and industrial equipment upgrade. Before the interview began, Lin Laoxian took a reporter to visit his home. In the small room, there are 4 3D printers of different specifications. Two of them are Lin’s own “攒â€. Four printers work day and night, and the cabinets are filled with samples: Rodin's thinkers, horses, tulips of all colors, and the blades of the airplane's spiral.
Lin Lao said happily to the reporter: "Now I have flowers outside the house, and outside is planted, and the inside is printed."
In fact, several machines displayed by Lin's home are the most basic fuse deposition in 3D printing. It is low in cost and low in precision. It is suitable for promotion to the public through schools, etc., "For example, you can play some toys for children."
"In the next stage, the focus of 3D printing is to use the industry to make some key components through metal material 3D printing technology. Here we use laser beam, electron beam and plasma beam to process. I feel that laser forming technology It may become an important part of the decision to develop 3D printing in China. Now the laser heads used in China are imported from the United States, very expensive, and easily controlled. Lin told the China Industry News reporter.
Therefore, Lin Lao suggested in a report to the Central Committee this spring that the 3D printing technology should be listed as a national key project, "set up a few typical, point-to-face, and continuously improve."
3D printing: additive manufacturing compared to previous cutting processes
When it comes to 3D printing, you must understand what new possibilities it can bring to traditional industries.
In fact, 3D printing is not a printing technology in nature, but an additive manufacturing technology, which is a method of adding materials layer by layer to form a manufacturing object, which is completely different from the traditional manufacturing method of cutting and mold casting.
Lin Lao believes that the principle of 3D printing is not esoteric, and there is no technical key to it. It is more in line with the laws of nature.
“Taking the landing gear of the aircraft as an example, our traditional method is cutting. The first step of the process is to build a large steel mill, which can produce hundreds of tons of large steel ingots; the second step is to make tons of hydraulic presses. Forgings, but also heat treatment, using a very large heat treatment furnace; the third step is roughing, it should be completed with dozens of large machine tools; the fourth step is to build tens of thousands of tons of forging hydraulic press, after which it needs to be heat treated, Roughing, finishing, and finally the final parts." Lin Lao gives an example.
“This project is very long and it is a subtractive process. The final formed parts may only account for 5% of the original raw materials. And 3D printing is completely different, it is a process from scratch, and the material can be used almost 100%. If the printing accuracy is enough, the subsequent finishing can be removed. The entire machining process is shortened by more than 10 times, and the labor and material costs are saved more. This also fully demonstrates the superiority of 3D printing."
From a set of specific data: Compared to the current development cycle of domestic parts for more than 45 days, 3D printing technology requires only 1 to 7 days of development cycle depending on the complexity of the parts; from the perspective of materials, currently In China, the central wing ribs of aircraft are manufactured by laser printing. The weight of traditional forgings is 1607 kg, while the weight of the blanks made by laser forming technology is only 136 kg, saving 91.5% of the material.
According to reports, the current domestic 3D printing technology has been used first in aviation and military industry. Domestic J-15 fighters and domestic large-scale passenger aircraft C919 have adopted 3D printing technology to print some parts, but not all manufacturing industries are suitable for 3D printing.
Some experts believe that the significance of 3D printing technology is not to replace traditional manufacturing, but to do traditional manufacturing can not do, difficult to do, and time-consuming, high-cost areas. 3D printing technology makes it easy to implement a variety of products with complex and complex designs, including precision parts, new product molds and human organs.
“In the automotive industry, for example, molds, samples, and design verification, 3D printing technology is perfect. There are also personalized cars. With the advancement of technology, perhaps in the near future, cars can realize small batches. Personalized customization." Lin said.
Drive equipment industry upgrade "call 3D innovation more suitable"
In the report to the central government, Lin Lao did not use "3D printing" but used "3D innovation."
"This technology is more suitable for 3D innovation. Because the premise of 3D printing is 3D design." Lin told reporters that "the combination of 3D design and 3D printing is the basic industrial model of the 3D printing industry."
Lin said that without good 3D design, 3D printing can't be done. The 3D design can be implemented in two ways, including 3D modeling or 3D scanning, or a combination of two methods to achieve a good 3D model.
Lin Lao called 3D printing "3D innovation". Another important reason is that China can enhance the innovation ability and competitiveness of traditional industries through 3D printing technology. In manufacturing equipment, it can also "completely pass 3D innovation." To catch up with the developed countries."
According to data released at the recent National Equipment Industry Work Conference, the output value of China's equipment manufacturing industry exceeded 20 trillion yuan in 2013, accounting for more than one-third of the world's total, ranking first in the world. "The output value of 20 trillion yuan is already large enough, and it will maintain the world's largest volume in the next five years. However, the problem is that innovation is not enough. According to the ranking of the United Nations, the comprehensive competitiveness ranking of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Seventh," Lin said.
“This requires constant technological innovation and structural adjustment. 3D innovation can play an important role here, especially in product design, sample trial production, product molds, etc.†Lin said, “If you can develop vigorously 3D innovation and other technologies, improve quality, strengthen services, and create world-class brands. In the near future, (equipment manufacturing) catching up with the world's advanced level is entirely possible."
Although Lin’s expectations are high, it should be noted that at present, China’s 3D innovation is still in its infancy. In terms of output value, in 2013, the US 3D innovation industry has a production value of US$3 billion, and China has only an industry scale of US$300 million to US$400 million.
In terms of enterprise scale, the sales scale of European 3D printing companies is generally around 1 billion yuan, and the revenue of 3D printing companies in the United States is even 3 billion yuan. However, no domestic enterprise has a revenue of over 100 million yuan or even more than 50 million yuan. There are not many companies.
Advancing the puzzle: the shackles of old industrial equipment and craftsmanship
In the future, where will 3D innovations encounter problems? This is also a topic that Lin Lao is very willing to talk about.
The first is the embarrassment of old equipment for innovation. Lin Lao said: "Why is it not easy to innovate in the traditional industrial field? Because the old equipment is very mature, the investment of hundreds of millions of yuan has gone in, the workers are also very easy to use, and it is difficult to accept new manufacturing methods at one time. , need a process."
Secondly, the quality of additive manufacturing is also a question that needs to be certified. “Although Professor Wang Huaming of Beihang said that the manufactured parts are better than the die forgings, I still have a question mark in my heart, which should be proved by repeated testing of the testing equipment. Especially related to some key parts of aerospace and aviation, Must be foolproof," Lin said.
Therefore, how to detect the strength and precision of manufactured parts and the consistency of quality has become a problem. "This requires inspection equipment and inspection methods to keep up," Lin said. "But at present, there are only a few in China. The lab can complete part of the test."
Secondly, the concept of 3D innovation is not highly accepted by the vast number of process designers. Everyone's thinking is still in the era of “subtraction processâ€, which is also a big problem. "A lot of people, including old engineers like me, think that 3D is very 'Xuan' and dare not try it. In fact, when you really do it, you will find that there is no such 'Xuan'."
Lin Lao told reporters that more than a decade ago, some craftsmen and researchers in the aviation field began to engage in 3D innovation, but most of them concentrated in Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, South China Institute of Technology, Northwestern University of Technology and other universities and research. Institutions, ordinary engineers are less accepted.
From the enterprise level, although many companies use fuses, actinic, powder, laser, electron beam and other methods to do 3D innovation, but in general they are separate, decentralized, and the level is uneven. The investment in research and development is relatively limited, and there is a big gap with foreign countries.
It is recommended to list 3D innovation as a national major science and technology project
The book follows, Lin Lao has his own views on how to develop 3D innovation.
He told the China Industry News reporter, "To carry out 3D innovation, first of all, there is a big change in the minds of designers and craftsmen. Can we carry out a major discussion of design and crafts in the whole industry through the media, catching a few typical examples, let Everyone realized that the original manufacturing can do this."
In addition, in the report to the Party Central Committee and the State Council, Lin Lao also made three suggestions:
First, it is recommended that the Party Central Committee and the State Council should list 3D innovation as the top priority of the country. Just like the major national technical equipment in the past, we must focus on 100 R&D and innovation priorities, break through one by one, and continue to develop from point to point. Continuous improving.
"3D innovation is not a thing in a certain industry. It is universal. Aerospace, medical, automotive, marine, and consumer goods can be used. It is not possible to call any department or company. You can choose several industries in each industry. Grab a few typicals and bring this up." Lin said.
Secondly, it is recommended to spread 100,000 3D innovative seeds in large, middle and primary schools across the country, add teaching materials, give 3D printers, and start from the dolls to train thousands of 3D innovative experts who can both start and brain.
"I have asked a lot of old friends and old leaders. They don't understand 3D printing technology. I went to the school and asked a third-grade elementary school student to know the computer. He said that, but when asked 3D printing, the child did not know. If Planting 100,000 seeds is equivalent to cultivating 100,000 3D innovations for the future, and 100,000 people will affect 100,000 people, which may be 1 million or even 10 million." Lin said. This work has now started in several primary schools in Nanjing and Beijing.
Third, it is recommended to create a "China 3D Innovation Consortium". The organizational structure adopts a combination of virtual and real modes, organizes the mobilization of the nation's strength, and cooperates with developed countries to achieve win-win results and catch up with the world's advanced level. For example, based on the above 3D innovation consortium, 100,000 3D printers will be created, including more than one thousand metal printers, with an annual output value of 10 billion US dollars.
At present, Lin Lao’s report has been approved by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, requiring relevant departments to “closely follow the development trend of global 3D technology, support the orderly development of domestic research, and strive for key breakthroughs.†“If China can seize 3D innovation The opportunity to catch up, will achieve a better and faster realization of the Chinese dream, resulting in an unexpected and significant contribution." Lin said.
Background link
3D printing, not so mysterious
3D printing is actually an additive manufacturing technology, which is a manufacturing method that uses rapid curing and paper lamination to achieve rapid prototyping.
Why is it called "printing?" Because it works in the same way as a normal printer, the printer is equipped with a powdery metal or plastic adhesive material, connected to a computer, and then through a layer of multi-layer printing, the final computer The blueprint on it becomes real.
The printing process of each layer of 3D printing technology is divided into two steps. First, a special glue is sprayed on the area to be formed, and then a uniform layer of powder is sprayed. When the powder encounters the glue, it will quickly solidify and bond, and the area without glue still remains. Keep it loose. In this way, under the alternation of a layer of glue, the solid model will be “printedâ€. After printing, the loose powder can be removed to “plan†the model, and the remaining powder can be recycled.
3D printing is the blend of digital and physical worlds. It ultimately requires software to design digital models and then quickly perform proof of concept. When printing, the software performs a series of digital slices through computer-aided design (CAD) and transfers the information from the slices to a 3D printer that stacks successive thin layers until a solid object is formed.
The biggest difference between a 3D printer and a traditional printer is that the "ink" it uses is a real raw material. There are many different forms of stacked thin layers.
Currently, the United States is a leader in 3D printing-related software development, while Germany has a strong lead in 3D printing equipment manufacturing.
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