Abstract In the international pattern of increasingly fierce competition in science and technology, China's ability to innovate is in the limelight? The latest report of the National Innovation Index Report 2013 released by the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy shows that China's innovation capability has steadily increased, and the National Innovation Index ranks 40 in the world...
In the increasingly internationalized pattern of technological competition, China’s ability to innovate is in the limelight? According to the latest National Innovation Index Report 2013 released by the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, China's innovation capability has steadily increased. The National Innovation Index ranks 19th among the 40 major countries in the world, an increase of 1 from the previous year. The report also pointed out that China's innovation base is still relatively weak, and it still needs long-term continuous efforts to improve its innovation capability. The ranking is one place higher than the previous year, and some indicators are leading the world.
With the promulgation of the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) and the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, China's independent innovation capability has been greatly enhanced, and its scientific and technological competitiveness and international influence have been significantly enhanced. Leading.
Among them, the National Innovation Index ranked 19th, an increase of 1 from the previous year. R&D expenditure reached 1,029.84 billion yuan, ranking third in the world, and its global share increased rapidly from 1.7% in 2000 to 11.7%. The gap with the United States and Japan further narrowed; the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel reached 3.247 million. The world's first, accounting for 29.2% of the global total; the output of international scientific papers has increased in quantity, the number of papers ranks second in the world, and the number of high-cited papers ranks fourth in the world; The volume ranks first and second in the world, accounting for 37.9% and 22.3% of the global total. High-tech industry exports accounted for the largest share of manufacturing exports in the world, and the value-added of knowledge service industry ranked third in the world.
The report shows that most of the indicators identified in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†are planned to be completed ahead of schedule or near completion. Among them, the number of international scientific papers cited in the world rankings, and the number of invention patent applications by R&D personnel have been completed ahead of schedule; the R&D manpower input per 10,000 employees is only one person per year (43 person-years), per 10,000 people The number of invention patents and target (3.3 pieces) is only 0.1, and the total amount of contracted transactions in the national technology market has reached 90% of the target.
The contribution rate of science and technology needs to be improved, and the innovation and progress of enterprises are obvious.
The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress refers to the proportion of growth caused by scientific and technological progress in economic growth, and is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the combination of science and technology and economy and the transformation of economic development mode. According to the report, the contribution rate of China's scientific and technological progress reached 52.2% in 2012, an increase of 11.3 percentage points over 2003, but there is still a certain distance from the planning target. To achieve the planning objectives of this indicator as scheduled, it is necessary to further transform the economic development mode, reduce the dependence of economic growth on investment, and rely on technological innovation to drive economic development and transformation and upgrading.
The report pointed out that Chinese enterprises have made great progress in innovation, and the enterprise innovation index has increased by 2.2 times compared with 2000. From the specific indicators, the R&D expenditure of enterprises has grown rapidly, accounting for 76% of the total society, accounting for 13% of the total research funding of global enterprises, and an increase of 11.5 percentage points over 2000. The number of invention patent applications reached 176,000, and the number of invention patents owned by 10,000 employed persons reached 29.2, which was 21 times and 9 times higher than that of 2000.
Outstanding performance of invention patent applications and authorizations, innovation ability to lead the BRICS countries
The report shows that the rise in China's innovation index rankings is mainly due to the improvement of knowledge creation capabilities and the improvement of the innovation environment. Due to outstanding performance in invention patent applications and authorizations, China's knowledge creation ranking jumped from 24th in the previous year to 18th. Among them, the number of invention patents granted by 10,000 researchers and the number of invention patent applications per 100 million US dollars of economic output have obvious advantages, ranking third and second.
In terms of the innovation environment, China's innovation environment ranking increased from 19th in the previous year to 14th. Innovation resources and enterprise innovation ranked 30th and 15th respectively, both unchanged from the previous year. According to the adjusted new indicators, the innovation performance ranked 14th.
The evaluation results show that the United States has once again become the most innovative country with its strong innovation resources and excellent innovation performance. Among the BRICS countries, China's innovation capability continues to lead, with Russia, South Africa, Brazil and India ranking 32nd, 35th, 38th and 39th respectively.
China’s total investment in research funding in the past 20 years is less than the cumulative amount in the United States in the past two years.
According to the National Innovation Index score, the report divides 40 countries into 4 echelons per 10 groups in the order of ranking. The results show that the China National Innovation Index has a combined score of 65.2 points, which is the most competitive second echelon, with a difference of 3 points from the previous Belgium, and 0.6 points and 0.9 points respectively behind Canada, Luxembourg and New Zealand. And 1.3 points.
The report pointed out that China's innovation base is still relatively weak. The cumulative investment in research funding in the past 20 years is less than the cumulative amount of the United States in the last two years, and less than the total investment in Japan in the last four years. This shows that in order to enhance the country's ability to innovate, China still needs to continue to increase investment and make long-term efforts.
How does the Innovation Index report come into being?
It is understood that in order to objectively monitor and evaluate the country's ability to innovate, the China Science and Technology Development Strategy Research Institute affiliated to the Ministry of Science and Technology has started research on the National Innovation Index since 2006. The first three National Innovation Index Reports have been released in 2011, 2012 and 2013.
According to reports, the "National Innovation Index Report 2013" draws on the latest research results on "national competitiveness" and "innovation evaluation" at home and abroad, with reference to the evaluation reports of international economic institutions such as the World Economic Forum and the Lausanne International Institute for Management Development. Established five index indicators including “innovation resourcesâ€, “knowledge creationâ€, “enterprise innovationâ€, “innovation performance†and “innovation environment†and 30 indicators of secondary indicators, and selected 98% of the total R&D expenditure in the world. % of the 40 countries that accounted for 88% of the total global GDP were evaluated by the international benchmarking method. Based on the relevant statistical data from 2011 to 2012, the innovation indices of 40 countries were measured.
The evaluation data used in the report mainly comes from authoritative databases at home and abroad, including: China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook jointly issued by the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Science and Technology, World Bank's World Development Indicators, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Major Scientific and Technological Indicators, Science and Engineering Indicators of the National Science Foundation, and Patent Statistics of the World Intellectual Property Organization, World Competitiveness Yearbook of the Lausanne International Institute for Management Development, World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
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