Green development is an important connotation of high quality development. Pollution prevention and control, as one of the three major battles determined by the central government, has been fully launched and its results will have a far-reaching impact on the future. The prevention and control of pollution is aimed at the atmosphere, water and soil. The latter involves deep-level reforms such as industrial structure, energy structure and transportation structure. It is indeed a big battle for the local. This topic selects the three key areas of the Blue Sky Defence War: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Yan Plains, presenting the local exploration of the economy to achieve green transformation and the challenges faced in this process.
Compared with the first phase of five years, the blue sky defense war only gives three years to the "2+26" transmission channel cities and the six provinces (cities, districts).
For Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the completion of the first phase of the “Atmosphere Ten†is not the end, but the beginning of the new phase.
According to the "Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defence War" issued by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Three-Year Action Plan"), from this year to 2020, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas will remain the key areas for air pollution prevention and control.
Compared with the first phase of five years, the blue sky defense war only gives three years to the "2+26" transmission channel cities and the six provinces (cities, districts).
There are pre-treatment experiences, and the "Three-Year Action Plan" has formulated more elaborate measures. Many experts interviewed by 21st Century Business Herald believe that it is not difficult to complete the 2020 goal.
The "Three-Year Action Plan" proposes that by 2020, the total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will be reduced by more than 15% compared with 2015; the concentration of cities with PM2.5 that are not up to the standard level and above will fall by more than 18% compared with 2015. The ratio of days with good air quality in the above cities reached 80%, and the ratio of severe and above pollution days decreased by more than 25% from 2015.
Beijing is nearing this goal and has set more stringent goals. "Opinions on comprehensively strengthening ecological environment protection and resolutely fighting the battle against pollution in Beijing" suggested that pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds were reduced by more than 30% compared with 2015.
However, "not difficult" does not mean there is no challenge. Especially for Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other provinces, the industrial restructuring and energy structure adjustment targets in the Three-Year Action Plan are all obstacles that need to be overcome.
Regional prevention and cooperation upgrade
The new phase means new changes. The first major change is the upgrade of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas' Air Pollution Prevention Collaborative Group (hereinafter referred to as the “Collaboration Teamâ€).
At the end of 2013, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong Province, six provinces and municipalities, and the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions, jointly established the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas air pollution prevention and control team. At that time, Guo Jinlong, the secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, was appointed as the leader of the former Ministry of Environmental Protection and the main responsible person of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei government. The collaboration team office was located in the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
In May 2015, with the addition of Henan Province and the Ministry of Communications, the members of the collaboration team expanded to eight central ministries and commissions and seven provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Subsequently, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei air pollution prevention and control core area was established, and Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Langfang, Baoding, Tangshan and Zhangzhou formed a “2+4†cooperative working mechanism. The Ministry of Environmental Protection also established a new “2+26†transmission channel city in 2017.
Although the collaboration team has cooperated in the areas of air heavy pollution warning, regional environmental linkage law enforcement, standards, policies, and funds, the coordination mechanism between the regions still needs to be improved due to the level problem.
On July 20th, Dr. Zhou Weijun, Ph.D., of the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the 21st Century Economic Reporter that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei had different governance demands. Industrial pollution is not the focus of Beijing, but it is the focus of Hebei. If the industrial pollution control policies of the three places are the same, then the same policies will have different effects on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. For example, the impact on the economy will be different. Beijing's industrial enterprises are few, shut down and even industrial transformation, the impact on the overall economy is significantly smaller than that of Hebei Province.
“It is not convenient or convenient to coordinate the collaboration team by one of them.†Zhuang Guiyang, a researcher at the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, studied the synergistic governance mechanism of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei smog in 2015-2016. The department directly takes the lead in raising the level of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas' air pollution prevention and control teams. By setting up an office in the Ministry of Environmental Protection, it establishes a joint monitoring and enforcement mechanism for cross-regional meetings with other departments, thereby achieving unified supervision and enforcement, and enhancing information sharing. .
On July 11, the State Council issued a notice to adjust the collaboration group to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas for air pollution prevention and leadership. The Vice Premier of the State Council Han Zheng served as the team leader, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei government were mainly responsible. The person served as the deputy leader and added a member of the team of the Ministry of Public Security. The office of the leading group is located in the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the director of the office is concurrently appointed by Zhao Yingmin, deputy director of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
In this regard, Zhuang Guiyang said that this is conducive to better coordinating the interests of all parties from a global perspective and surpassing the leadership of various provinces and departments. The regional cooperation between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is coordinated by the State Council.
Wu Zheze, director of the Center for Environmental and Economic Policy Research of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that this adjustment is conducive to improving the cooperation between the various entities, is conducive to improving the overall efficiency of regional ecological environmental protection work, and is also conducive to more vigorously promote pollution prevention and control.
Refined pollution control
In terms of governance measures, the past five years have basically followed the practice of the past five years, but some new requirements have also been put forward.
"In the past few years, some measures for the treatment of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas have been somewhat extensive, and will be treated with more refined means in the next three years," said Mao Xianqiang, a professor at the Environmental College of Beijing Normal University.
He said that on the one hand, the central environmental protection inspectors put pressure on the local authorities. On the other hand, local governments also use special funds to hire or consult professional teams to help improve atmospheric management capabilities.
Specific to each place, the focus of governance in the next three years is different. Beijing is shifting from engineering emission reduction to management emission reduction, and will focus on key prevention and control areas such as diesel trucks, dust, and volatile organic compounds in the next three years. Within three years, the city's nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds will be reduced by 20%, air pollutants in the transportation sector will be reduced by 30%, and dustfall in each district will be reduced by 30%.
For Hebei, the focus is on industrial pollution, especially in the “two high†industries such as steel. According to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter, the de-capacity and environmental protection supervision policies have made Hebei steel enterprises adjust their production rhythm. From April to October, they have become the peak period of supply and demand. This year, the price of tons of steel has been at a high level of more than 1,000 yuan, and crude steel production has also been Repeated record highs.
“The production and demand in the heating season are limited, and it is expected that this year will be even stronger, so steel mills will increase productivity in April-October,†said a person close to the Hebei industry.
Industry analyst Liu Xinwei also told the 21st Century Business Herald: "Winning the blue sky to defend the war, the area involved will increase and the scale will increase, and the impact will be greater than last year. Last year, it affected production capacity and affected production this year."
Hebei is also aware of the difficulty of strictly controlling the production capacity of the “two high†industries. On the second day after the announcement of the “Three-Year Action Planâ€, Hebei Province held a conference on advancing the capacity-shifting structure and turning energy, and issued the industry's de-capacity work plan and key industry de-capacity work plan.
Within three years, Hebei will reduce the steelmaking capacity by about 40 million tons, coal 30 million tons, flat glass 23 million weight boxes, cement 5 million tons, coke 10 million tons, and thermal power 1.5 million kilowatts. The three companies that have not yet cleared out in the “Zombie Enterprises†have ensured that all of them will be cleared before the end of this year. Coal, cement and flat glass “zombie companies†will strive to clear all of them next year. By 2020, Baoding, Zhangjiakou and Langfang will all exit, Chengde and Qinhuangdao will withdraw from production capacity by about 50%; Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Baoding and Qinhuangdao will be basically free of coal mines.
Meeting the challenges of air pollution in autumn and winter
The sword of Damocles hanging on the head of Shandong is the target of total coal consumption. The "Three-Year Action Plan" requires that the total coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan provinces will drop by 10% from 2015.
“This is difficult for Shandong to complete.†A Shandong expert told the 21st Century Business Herald that Shandong’s completion of the 2017 coal control target was struggling, and it has been increasing for the first four years. In 2017, through the Central Environmental Inspectorate. The pressure, a reduction of 27.06 million tons in one breath, completed the five-year mission.
“In 2017, the total annual coal consumption in Shandong has been reduced since the first reform and opening up.†Zhou Yong, deputy director of Shandong Science and Technology Strategic Development Research Institute, told the 21st Century Business Herald. Comparing Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei with other provinces in the surrounding area, the 21st Century Business Herald found that the peak of coal consumption in Shandong was three years late.
The aforementioned experts said that the next three years will be reduced by 14 million tons. It seems that the problem is not big, but in fact the potential for coal reduction is very small, and there is a new increase in coal consumption such as concentrated heating. The subsidy policy for gas and coal substitutes is over. The possibility of rebound after the loose coal. "But taking administrative measures and completing the task will not be a problem," the expert added.
Zhou Yong said that the main idea of ​​energy work in Shandong and the next period is to achieve 30% of new energy and renewable energy power generation installed capacity, 30% of foreign power input capacity, and coal production and coal power control of 100 million tons respectively. And 100 million kilowatts, and fill the two shortcomings of power peaking and natural gas supply guarantee.
The 28 cities of the six provinces (cities, districts) are about to face a more stringent action plan for comprehensive management of air pollution in autumn and winter. Zhao Yingmin, deputy minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, revealed on July 10 that this year's action plan will increase the production and control of industrial enterprises in autumn and winter, implement peak-peak production for key industry enterprises, and decompose the task measures into cities and coordinate the national environment. Law enforcement forces will implement cross-enforcement law enforcement and resident supervision to ensure that all measures of the plan are in place.
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