Winter melon is a good storable vegetable with low planting cost, high yield, rich nutrients, storage and transportation resistance, strong heat resistance, white meat, crisp and juicy. It is a good raw material for modern agricultural products processing. It has been used more and more widely in the processing of various types of new foods and health care crystals. This is a good way to add value to a vegetable with a large yield and low price. Therefore, the research on the comprehensive utilization technology of winter melon has certain practical significance for comprehensively improving the value of winter melon and promoting farmers' income. So how is winter melon planted? How to prevent pests and diseases during the period!
Cultivation Techniques
Planting pollination
The width is 2 - 2.5 meters wide (with a ditch), and the height is about 0.5 meters. It is cultivated in a high sloping puddle. When the seedling age is 30-40 days, 2 leaves 1 heart to 3 leaves 1 heart, the root system is developed, the stem thick section is short, and the leaves are thick and dense. The planting specifications are determined according to the variety and planting season: the spring planting grows long, the melon is late, the melon is large, and it should be planted in a single line. The plant spacing is 80-100 cm; the autumn planting period is short, the melon is early, and the melon is thin. The plant spacing is 60-80 cm. When the emergence of about 70%, it is necessary to remove the cover in time. Appropriate control of water before seedling breaks, promote root growth; after breaking the heart, the nutrient soil is kept semi-dry and semi-wet, so that the melon seedling grows steadily. After 25-30 days, you can transplant the human field, 2-3 days before planting, you can use 10% thin human dung water and 80% sensitized zinc 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid medicine to make the seedlings Drug transplantation. Watering and mulching after planting.
Early-maturing melon has small causal fruit, and each plant can retain 2-3 fruits to increase yield. Generally, the first melon is poorly developed, and most of the melons are selected. In order to increase the fruit setting rate, artificial pollination can be used. The available concentration in the flowering period is 100mg/km2 to prevent the falling flowers from falling, and the large melon should be used as a hanging melon.
Fertilizer management
After planting, apply 2-3 times with thin manure to promote its long length. The vine is poured once a year. During the fruit setting period, when the fruit grows to the size of the fist, the fruit fertilizer is applied once, and the urea is applied at 225kg/hm2, which can be infiltrated with the water film.
Racking vines
When the seedlings are slowed down, the vines can be put on the shelves, or they can be cultivated without climbing directly. However, the cultivation of the grounds often has more pests and diseases, and at the same time, there are many malformed melons and low yield. The scaffolding was carried out at the beginning of the vine. There are three types of flat frame, fence frame and arch frame. When the vine grows with 16-18 knots, it can be introduced to the vine. After being put on the shelves, tie the vines once every 20-30 cm, and combine the vines to remove the side branches, tendrils and excess female flowers.
Harvest storage
Winter melon can be harvested 30-35 days after the flower has withered. Before harvesting, it is not advisable to fertilize or water the water to enhance the photosynthesis of winter melon and reduce the water content of winter melon, so as to increase the storage time of winter melon. When harvesting, it is usually cut with scissors to prevent the vine from being pulled, and the fruit should be handled gently. It should not be bruised for storage. However, if the melon is matured, it will be harvested. If it is harvested too late, the melon will be too mature, and its meat quality will become soft and not suitable for storage and transportation. After the melon is matured, its skin color is dark and the fluff is few. In order to improve its economic benefits, it can be listed in advance.
The stored winter melon should be a large-scale late-maturing variety with thick skin, thick meat, dense texture, bright green skin, full wax, uniform size and no damage. The size of the warehouse is determined by the quantity stored, generally about 30 square meters, and can store 5,000 kilograms of winter melon. The warehouse is semi-underground, with a height of 3.6 meters. The upper and lower floors are 1.8 meters high. The surrounding windows are installed around the front and rear to facilitate ventilation. The melon is sealed in the 2-3 days before storage, and it is fumigated with potassium permanganate. Place the hay or straw curtain on the bottom of the library, place the melon on the top, and generally stack no more than 3 layers to avoid crush damage. According to the state of winter melon growing in the field, this can keep the melon in the original direction of gravity, the melon is not easy to be lacerated, and the storage time is longer. At the beginning of the winter, the melon is ventilated. When the temperature is high at noon, the window is opened and ventilated to facilitate heat dissipation, remove moisture, reduce environmental humidity, and keep the sputum dry. During the storage of winter melon, the temperature of the cockroach is kept at 10-15 °C, and the relative humidity is kept at 70%-75% to avoid freezing damage. Generally it can be stored for 3-5 months. [3]?
Pest control
Agricultural control
The melon pests and diseases are mainly aphids, mites, whiteflies, mites, red spiders and melon flies. The general land for growing melons is planted with non-cucumber crops. It can be planted in deep soil, and the pests are buried deep in the soil so that they cannot grow and grow, or apply lime, organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. At the same time, you can also keep a vent in the greenhouse, it is best to open a window below the shed to prevent the insects from drifting into the greenhouse.
If you find that there are white meal in the greenhouse, you can use 1500-2000 times liquid to prevent and control. Red spider can be sprayed with 1500 times of liquid spray. Melon flies are treated with 40.7% lesbian 1000 times solution, or 80% dichlorvos with dark fire, or with trichlorfon 1000 times spray.
In general, winter melons are not easy to find, and the insects are small. Only in the management process should be carefully observed, early detection can be early prevention, must prevent the insects from breeding in the greenhouse.
Drug control
The main diseases are blight, blight, anthracnose and viral diseases. In the early stage of the disease, Fusarium wilt can be controlled by plants or roots. Many of the current epidemics are mostly transmitted through rainfall or irrigation water. Therefore, in the management process, pay special attention to the changes in the weather, in the rainy or low-humidity weather to do a good job of management, at this time the incidence is higher, try to avoid irrigation at this time. If the melon is suffering from an epidemic disease, use 65% sensible zinc wettable powder 500-600 times solution, 58% leidomil Mn-Zn wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, 72% gram dew WP 600 times solution, etc. , every 7-10 days / time, 2-3 times in a row.
The above content is the cultivation technique of melon and the prevention and control measures against pests and diseases during the period! I hope to help you! When the melon is ripe, the surface of the melon will be covered with a layer of white powder, much like the winter hoarfrost. Therefore, winter melon is also called "white melon". Moreover, because its shape is oval, it is similar to the pillow used in sleeping, so there is also the alias of "pillow melon".
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