Optical glass is a specialized type of inorganic material designed to manipulate light through refraction, reflection, transmission, or absorption. It is commonly used in the production of lenses, prisms, mirrors, and windows for optical instruments and mechanical systems. This material comes in various forms, including colorless optical glass (often referred to as standard optical glass), colored optical glass, radiation-resistant glass, radiation-proof glass, and optical quartz glass. Optical glass is known for its high transparency, excellent chemical and physical uniformity, and precise optical constants. It can be categorized into different types based on its composition, such as silicates, borates, phosphates, fluorides, and sulfides.
The classification of optical glass often depends on its refractive index (nD) and Abbe number (VD). Traditionally, glasses with a refractive index greater than 1.60 and an Abbe value above 50 are classified as Crown (K) glass, while those with a lower refractive index but higher Abbe value (nD < 1.60, VD > 55) are considered Flint (F) glass. However, modern classifications have become more complex due to the development of new materials. Bismuth-based glass is typically used for convex lenses, while flint glass is often used for concave lenses. Bismuth glass usually belongs to the alkali borosilicate system, while lighter bismuth glass falls under the aluminosilicate system. Heavier bismuth and fluorite glasses are part of the alkali-free borosilicate system, and most flint glasses are made from lead-potassium silicates.
As the applications of optical glass continue to grow across industries such as photography, telecommunications, medical imaging, and aerospace, the range of available types has expanded significantly. The composition of optical glass now includes almost all elements of the periodic table, allowing for tailored properties that meet specific performance requirements. These materials maintain stable optical characteristics and exhibit high optical uniformity, making them essential components in advanced optical systems. Whether used in simple magnifying lenses or complex fiber-optic networks, optical glass remains a critical material in the field of optics.
The crimped turnup flange joint is divided into flat seal crimped turnup flange joint and double cone seal crimped turnup flange joint, it is composed of an inner metal ring, an outer metal ring, a metal flange and the root of turnup flange; reinforced steel wires or glass fibres are flipped 180 degrees at the root of the turnup flange.
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