The so-called anti-season vegetables are ways to avoid the normal cultivation season and market supply period of vegetables, and use special cultivation techniques to grow vegetables. For example, the shade-tolerant vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli cultivated in autumn are arranged in the spring and summer by covering the sunshade and cooling. The vegetables such as water spinach, eggplant and melon grown in spring and summer are planted in a greenhouse or plastic greenhouse. The four seasons supply the market, thereby increasing the economic benefits of growing vegetables. Because it is anti-seasonal vegetables, it has certain requirements in fertilizer application.
The organic fertilizer with sufficient organic fertilizer was selected and applied as a base fertilizer one month before the cover shed, and applied to the soil of the greenhouse. The application amount was generally 1 to 1.5 times that of the vegetable field cultivation. That is, 5000~7500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to the soil of the greenhouse per mu; if there is no high-quality farmyard manure, it can also be applied with 75-100 kg of imported compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15). Combine the ploughing and ploughing to apply the fertilizer, increase the application of organic matter, thicken the ploughing layer, and make the soil and fertilizer blend together to provide sufficient nutrients for vegetable growth. According to different anti-season vegetables, determine the reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the applied fertilizer, and appropriately apply the corresponding trace element fertilizer according to the demand of different types of vegetables.
If the chicken manure or cake fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, it should be fully fermented and decomposed in advance, and applied in advance. It is strictly forbidden to pile up organic fertilizer in the greenhouse for a long time to avoid toxic and harmful substances decomposed by fermentation and harm the vegetables. In particular, special attention should be paid to the application of chicken manure to prevent burning and burning of seedlings.
In combination with the application of chemical fertilizers, in order to avoid high-salt damage to vegetables grown in the off-season, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers can be applied together, but the application amount of chemical fertilizers should not be too much, and the concentration should not be too large. If the soil moisture in the shed is insufficient, after fertilization, the concentration of fertilizer in the shed soil is large, causing reverse osmosis of water in the vegetable cells, causing dehydration of the vegetables, which often causes the vegetables to appear wilting. Lighter affects the normal growth and development of vegetables, and the severe ones cause dehydration-type fertilizers of the off-season and die. Generally, the vegetables with short growth period or roots, stems and leaves are harvested, and 1/3~1/2 of nitrogen fertilizer can be used, and all phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. The remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a top dressing, and is applied in several stages during the growth period of the vegetables. The counter-season vegetables of melons and fruits can be applied with 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer, 2/3 phosphorus potassium fertilizer and all micro-fertilizer as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus potassium fertilizer are applied as top dressings. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used for foliar spraying to improve the utilization rate, and also reduce the direct application of chemical fertilizer to the soil, and the salt content is greatly increased.
Preventing salt damage The anti-season vegetables grow in greenhouses or greenhouses, often due to excessive fertilization and no natural precipitation to wash, resulting in a constant increase in salt concentration in the greenhouse soil. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a standardized application method when fertilizing, determine the ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer, and try to take out a part of the fertilizer for foliar spraying to reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil. For plots where salt damage has occurred, some salt-tolerant vegetable crops such as corn, spinach, pumpkin, celery and broccoli can be planted, or in the shed leisure period, rainwater is used to wash or soak the soil, taking away too much Salt substances. When the roots are planted in shallow soil, such as cucumber, pepper, broccoli, lettuce, etc., the number and quantity of irrigation in the greenhouse can be increased appropriately, which can meet the growth needs and leaching a part of the salt by irrigation. If the soil salt content of the greenhouse is 0.2%~0.3%, it is not suitable to use chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Generally, it is not suitable to use the nitrogen fertilizer with chlorinated fertilizer and volatile nitrogen fertilizer, and try to control the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to improve the quality of the anti-season vegetable products.
(Cao Lizhen, Li Cuiying, Agricultural Bureau of Lujiang City, Hunan Province)
Farmers Daily
The organic fertilizer with sufficient organic fertilizer was selected and applied as a base fertilizer one month before the cover shed, and applied to the soil of the greenhouse. The application amount was generally 1 to 1.5 times that of the vegetable field cultivation. That is, 5000~7500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to the soil of the greenhouse per mu; if there is no high-quality farmyard manure, it can also be applied with 75-100 kg of imported compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15). Combine the ploughing and ploughing to apply the fertilizer, increase the application of organic matter, thicken the ploughing layer, and make the soil and fertilizer blend together to provide sufficient nutrients for vegetable growth. According to different anti-season vegetables, determine the reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the applied fertilizer, and appropriately apply the corresponding trace element fertilizer according to the demand of different types of vegetables.
If the chicken manure or cake fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, it should be fully fermented and decomposed in advance, and applied in advance. It is strictly forbidden to pile up organic fertilizer in the greenhouse for a long time to avoid toxic and harmful substances decomposed by fermentation and harm the vegetables. In particular, special attention should be paid to the application of chicken manure to prevent burning and burning of seedlings.
In combination with the application of chemical fertilizers, in order to avoid high-salt damage to vegetables grown in the off-season, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers can be applied together, but the application amount of chemical fertilizers should not be too much, and the concentration should not be too large. If the soil moisture in the shed is insufficient, after fertilization, the concentration of fertilizer in the shed soil is large, causing reverse osmosis of water in the vegetable cells, causing dehydration of the vegetables, which often causes the vegetables to appear wilting. Lighter affects the normal growth and development of vegetables, and the severe ones cause dehydration-type fertilizers of the off-season and die. Generally, the vegetables with short growth period or roots, stems and leaves are harvested, and 1/3~1/2 of nitrogen fertilizer can be used, and all phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. The remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a top dressing, and is applied in several stages during the growth period of the vegetables. The counter-season vegetables of melons and fruits can be applied with 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer, 2/3 phosphorus potassium fertilizer and all micro-fertilizer as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus potassium fertilizer are applied as top dressings. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used for foliar spraying to improve the utilization rate, and also reduce the direct application of chemical fertilizer to the soil, and the salt content is greatly increased.
Preventing salt damage The anti-season vegetables grow in greenhouses or greenhouses, often due to excessive fertilization and no natural precipitation to wash, resulting in a constant increase in salt concentration in the greenhouse soil. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a standardized application method when fertilizing, determine the ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer, and try to take out a part of the fertilizer for foliar spraying to reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil. For plots where salt damage has occurred, some salt-tolerant vegetable crops such as corn, spinach, pumpkin, celery and broccoli can be planted, or in the shed leisure period, rainwater is used to wash or soak the soil, taking away too much Salt substances. When the roots are planted in shallow soil, such as cucumber, pepper, broccoli, lettuce, etc., the number and quantity of irrigation in the greenhouse can be increased appropriately, which can meet the growth needs and leaching a part of the salt by irrigation. If the soil salt content of the greenhouse is 0.2%~0.3%, it is not suitable to use chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Generally, it is not suitable to use the nitrogen fertilizer with chlorinated fertilizer and volatile nitrogen fertilizer, and try to control the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to improve the quality of the anti-season vegetable products.
(Cao Lizhen, Li Cuiying, Agricultural Bureau of Lujiang City, Hunan Province)
Farmers Daily
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Mono Calcium Phosphate ,the chemical formula is Ca (H2PO4)2.H2O, molecular weight of the body is 252.06, after dryed the product is white or slightly yellow micro powder or granules, the relative density of 2.22 (16 °C). Slightly hygroscopic, soluble in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, slightly soluble in cold water, almost insoluble in ethanol. At 30 °C, 100 ml of water soluble MCP 1.8g. The aqueous solution was acidic, heating the aqueous solution can get calcium hydrogen phosphate. Lose crystal water at 109 °C and decomposed into calcium metaphosphate at 203°C. Applications:Monocalcium Phosphate is used to supply mineral nutrition such as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) for animal, which can be easily digested and absorbed. Extensively applied as additives of Phosphorous and Calcium in aquatic animals feed.Higher water solubility of MCP is required in aquatic animals feed.
Monocalcium Phosphate (MCP)
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