"Developed countries have the primary responsibility for climate change to date, but the future climate change will be co-ordinated by developed and developing countries." Fan Gang, director of the National Economic Research Institute, said that it is recommended to reduce emissions between countries. The three-channel collaborative emission reduction mechanism is the inter-country collaborative emission reduction plan.
Vicious cycle About 80% of the carbon dioxide emitted by humans is emitted by developed countries during the industrialization period before 1950. With the changes in the world economic structure, high-emission manufacturing industries began to shift to developing countries. With this increase in emissions and the increase in productive emissions to meet world consumption, developing countries are increasingly becoming a high-emissions player. Therefore, the climate dispute between developing and developed countries is manifested in the debate on the historical emissions of developed countries and the debate on how to implement the rules of greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
At present, there are only two channels in the international cooperation mechanism for emission reduction. The first is the Clean Development Mechanism, and the second is the carbon trading system of developing countries. There is a lack of an international collaborative emission reduction system at the national level between the two mechanisms, and there is no institutional solution for financial support and technology transfer between countries. The main channel for developed countries to transfer payments to developing countries is carbon trading. If it relies mainly on market transactions, developed countries can only pay afterwards, and developing countries that need to successfully achieve large-scale emission reductions require a large amount of investment in infrastructure and technological equipment.
Fan Gang pointed out that the ex post payment mechanism is equal to no payment, and many emission reduction actions will not be carried out in developing countries. Developing countries lack the financial support in international cooperation and lack the commitment to join the mandatory emission reduction agreement. The developing countries do not make any commitments, which constitutes an excuse for the developed countries not to transfer funds and technology, forming a vicious circle. .
The third channel "People always say that China does not consume, we must raise the level of consumption." Fan Gang said, "But production is for consumption. If we increase consumption levels, the result will be that the world will need more production and emit more carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is wrong to just focus on production." Fan Gang suggested that it should be adopted. The Inter-State Emission Reduction Collaborative Program serves as the third channel for reducing emissions.
Fan Gang said that the inter-country collaborative emission reduction plan, like the CDM, is carried out in developed and developing countries and is based on the principles of measurable, certifiable and reportable. The Inter-State Collaborative Emission Reduction Program focuses more on inter-country collaboration, emphasizing the commitment of technology transfer and funding allocations at the national level in developed countries, and the commitment of progressive strategies implemented in developing countries.
According to reports, there are currently calculation models that can calculate the national responsibility index, which includes several aspects: First, how many responsibilities and tasks should be shared among countries in the world's emission reduction tasks, and should be linked to historical carbon dioxide emissions. Second, the supply of public goods, the rich should provide more funds for the supply of public goods. Developing countries that have rarely been discharged in history have the right to further develop. Developed countries should give up some of the space for emissions to allow developing countries to develop and improve their living standards. Third, from the perspective of responsibility, developed countries should provide more funds and technology to cope with global climate change due to higher income levels.
Fan Gang suggested that a joint national emission reduction plan and an international climate convention should be established as an action plan. The specific content is to calculate the responsibility of each country based on historical cumulative consumption emissions; the second is to measure the emission reduction capacity of each country according to the per capita income of each country and the size of the people with the ability to pay; the third is to measure the responsibility index according to the above two indicators; The minimum per capita cumulative actual emissions in the "Kyoto Protocol" countries, set the threshold for joining the mandatory emission reduction agreement; Fifth, the developing countries that achieve voluntary emission reduction, the more the emission reduction can be delayed, the more internationally added to the mandatory emission reduction Mechanisms; Sixth, countries that voluntarily reduce emissions can participate in international carbon trading, they can propose their own emission reduction plans, and invite developed countries to participate in the inter-country emission reduction cooperation plan.
He said that the developed countries in the convention need to commit to cancel the blockade of any technology needed to reduce emissions and promise capital allocation. The funds promised can be used in part to establish strategic and pilot projects for the fund to support the international community, and the main part is to enter the inter-country emission reduction collaboration plan.
Vicious cycle About 80% of the carbon dioxide emitted by humans is emitted by developed countries during the industrialization period before 1950. With the changes in the world economic structure, high-emission manufacturing industries began to shift to developing countries. With this increase in emissions and the increase in productive emissions to meet world consumption, developing countries are increasingly becoming a high-emissions player. Therefore, the climate dispute between developing and developed countries is manifested in the debate on the historical emissions of developed countries and the debate on how to implement the rules of greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
At present, there are only two channels in the international cooperation mechanism for emission reduction. The first is the Clean Development Mechanism, and the second is the carbon trading system of developing countries. There is a lack of an international collaborative emission reduction system at the national level between the two mechanisms, and there is no institutional solution for financial support and technology transfer between countries. The main channel for developed countries to transfer payments to developing countries is carbon trading. If it relies mainly on market transactions, developed countries can only pay afterwards, and developing countries that need to successfully achieve large-scale emission reductions require a large amount of investment in infrastructure and technological equipment.
Fan Gang pointed out that the ex post payment mechanism is equal to no payment, and many emission reduction actions will not be carried out in developing countries. Developing countries lack the financial support in international cooperation and lack the commitment to join the mandatory emission reduction agreement. The developing countries do not make any commitments, which constitutes an excuse for the developed countries not to transfer funds and technology, forming a vicious circle. .
The third channel "People always say that China does not consume, we must raise the level of consumption." Fan Gang said, "But production is for consumption. If we increase consumption levels, the result will be that the world will need more production and emit more carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is wrong to just focus on production." Fan Gang suggested that it should be adopted. The Inter-State Emission Reduction Collaborative Program serves as the third channel for reducing emissions.
Fan Gang said that the inter-country collaborative emission reduction plan, like the CDM, is carried out in developed and developing countries and is based on the principles of measurable, certifiable and reportable. The Inter-State Collaborative Emission Reduction Program focuses more on inter-country collaboration, emphasizing the commitment of technology transfer and funding allocations at the national level in developed countries, and the commitment of progressive strategies implemented in developing countries.
According to reports, there are currently calculation models that can calculate the national responsibility index, which includes several aspects: First, how many responsibilities and tasks should be shared among countries in the world's emission reduction tasks, and should be linked to historical carbon dioxide emissions. Second, the supply of public goods, the rich should provide more funds for the supply of public goods. Developing countries that have rarely been discharged in history have the right to further develop. Developed countries should give up some of the space for emissions to allow developing countries to develop and improve their living standards. Third, from the perspective of responsibility, developed countries should provide more funds and technology to cope with global climate change due to higher income levels.
Fan Gang suggested that a joint national emission reduction plan and an international climate convention should be established as an action plan. The specific content is to calculate the responsibility of each country based on historical cumulative consumption emissions; the second is to measure the emission reduction capacity of each country according to the per capita income of each country and the size of the people with the ability to pay; the third is to measure the responsibility index according to the above two indicators; The minimum per capita cumulative actual emissions in the "Kyoto Protocol" countries, set the threshold for joining the mandatory emission reduction agreement; Fifth, the developing countries that achieve voluntary emission reduction, the more the emission reduction can be delayed, the more internationally added to the mandatory emission reduction Mechanisms; Sixth, countries that voluntarily reduce emissions can participate in international carbon trading, they can propose their own emission reduction plans, and invite developed countries to participate in the inter-country emission reduction cooperation plan.
He said that the developed countries in the convention need to commit to cancel the blockade of any technology needed to reduce emissions and promise capital allocation. The funds promised can be used in part to establish strategic and pilot projects for the fund to support the international community, and the main part is to enter the inter-country emission reduction collaboration plan.
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