The main flow components of the centrifugal pump are the suction chamber, the impeller and the pressurized water chamber.
The suction chamber is located in front of the impeller and serves to direct the liquid to the impeller in three forms: straight cone, curved tube and spiral.
The pressurized water chamber mainly has three forms: a spiral pressurized water chamber (volute), a guide vane and a space guide vane. In addition, there is an annular pressurized water chamber, which is mainly used for pumps for pumping suspended solids such as mud pumps and sewage pumps.
The impeller is the most important working element of the pump and is the heart of the overcurrent component. The impeller consists of a cover plate and an intermediate blade.
Before the centrifugal pump works, the pump is filled with liquid, then the centrifugal pump is started, the impeller rotates rapidly, the blade of the impeller drives the liquid to rotate, and the liquid flows by inertia to the outer edge of the impeller, and the impeller sucks in the liquid from the suction chamber. In this process, the liquid in the impeller flows around the blade, and the liquid acts a lift on the blade during the bypass motion. In turn, the blade acts on the liquid with a force equal to the lift force and the opposite direction. This force works on the liquid. The liquid is energized and flows out of the impeller, at which time the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the liquid increase.
The pressurized water chamber is located at the periphery of the impeller, and its function is to collect the liquid flowing out of the impeller and send it to the inlet of the pressure pipeline or the lower impeller. Before the liquid is sent to the pressure line or the lower stage impeller, the rotational movement of the liquid flow is eliminated, and this part of the rotational kinetic energy of the liquid flow is converted into pressure energy. At the same time, the flow rate of the liquid flow is reduced to reduce the hydraulic loss in the pressure line or the requirement for the suction port of the lower stage impeller. At the end of the spiral extrusion chamber, a diffusion section is also typically provided to further convert the function of the liquid stream into pressure energy.
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