Due to differences in climate, soil, cultivation measures and variety characteristics, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by wheat during its lifetime and its distribution in different parts of the plant also changed. It is generally believed that 500 kg of wheat land per mu needs to absorb about 14-16 kg of pure nitrogen, 5-7.5 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 10-20 kg of potassium (K2O).
According to the fertility regularity and nutritional characteristics of wheat, base fertilizer should be reapplied and early topdressing should be applied. The amount of base fertilizer should generally account for 60-80% of the total fertilization amount, and 40-20% of the top dressing should be suitable. The base fertilizer should be based on farmyard manure and combined with fertilizer application.
The amount of nutrients absorbed by wheat in different growth stages is different. Generally, the absorption in seedling stage is relatively small. After re-greening, the amount of absorption gradually increases, and the absorption is the highest and the fastest in the period from jointing to flowering. Potassium absorbs the maximum amount before the flowering.
First, the fertilization of wheat is carried out in combination with coarse and fine, and nitrogen and phosphorus are combined. The use of crude fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer "three fertilizers to sit on the bottom" method is a significant increase in production measures, and is also an effective means of cultivating strong seedlings before winter. Adding organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility and improve soil structure. It is one of the fundamental ways to build stable and high-yield farmland. Therefore, in line with the principle of “rough fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizersâ€, through various channels, we can broaden the source of fertilizer and prepare sufficient fertilizer for the wheat field. Generally, the wheat field with heavy application of bottom fertilizer (especially ammonium hydrogen phosphate) grows faster and grows stronger than the wheat field with the same amount of fertilizer after the year. The wintering seedlings are less, the rate of ear formation is high, and the yield is significantly increased. Moreover, the method is simple, and can also make up for the disadvantages of strong volatility of ammonium bicarbonate, easy loss of fertilizer efficiency and inconvenient dressing. Generally, the clay soil with strong fertility ability can be used for more than half of the total nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period; the sandy soil with poor fertilizer retention capacity is less suitable, accounting for about 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer in the whole period. The bottom is appropriate. Increasing the application of phosphate fertilizer is a new stimulation measure in wheat production, especially in phosphorus-poor soils. The use of phosphate fertilizers to break through, nitrogen and phosphorus combined methods, the effect of increasing production is very obvious. According to a large number of experiments, it is necessary to apply more than 5,000 kilograms of high-quality soil and fertilizer to the wheat field with a yield of more than 500 kilograms per mu, 50 kilograms of standard nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, and 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
Second, returning to the green fertilizer should be due to seedlings. For the 2-3 m seedlings with weaker growth before winter or the wheat seedlings with poor soil fertility and long-term de-fertilization, they should be applied early and re-applied to the green fertilizer, and they can be robbed and chased when the surface begins to thaw. Generally, about 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be chased per acre, and the phosphorus-deficient wheat field should be mixed with 15 kg per mu of superphosphate. It is best to use diammonium phosphate for 10-15 kg per mu. Returning green fertilizer plays an important role in promoting the growth of wheat seedlings from weak to strong and increasing the number of ears per mu. However, for a type of seedling with a large number of seedlings, or a wheat field that is too prosperous but not de-fertilized, no green fertilizer is applied. It should be postponed until the time of getting up to control the invalid tillering, to achieve the purpose of increasing the tillering rate and increasing the number of ears per mu.
Third, the rational use of fertilizer water. The medium term is the period in which winter wheat requires the most water in its lifetime. Water demand accounts for about 35% of the total, and fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total. Especially in jointing and booting stages, it is very sensitive to water reaction. Each mu of standard nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) is about 15 kg.
Fourth, root dressing. Phosphorus spraying outside the root has obvious yield increasing effect. Generally, the second phosphate fertilizer is sprayed after flowering, and the weight of 1000 grains can be increased by 2-3 grams, and the yield is increased by 10%.
According to the fertility regularity and nutritional characteristics of wheat, base fertilizer should be reapplied and early topdressing should be applied. The amount of base fertilizer should generally account for 60-80% of the total fertilization amount, and 40-20% of the top dressing should be suitable. The base fertilizer should be based on farmyard manure and combined with fertilizer application.
The amount of nutrients absorbed by wheat in different growth stages is different. Generally, the absorption in seedling stage is relatively small. After re-greening, the amount of absorption gradually increases, and the absorption is the highest and the fastest in the period from jointing to flowering. Potassium absorbs the maximum amount before the flowering.
First, the fertilization of wheat is carried out in combination with coarse and fine, and nitrogen and phosphorus are combined. The use of crude fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer "three fertilizers to sit on the bottom" method is a significant increase in production measures, and is also an effective means of cultivating strong seedlings before winter. Adding organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility and improve soil structure. It is one of the fundamental ways to build stable and high-yield farmland. Therefore, in line with the principle of “rough fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizersâ€, through various channels, we can broaden the source of fertilizer and prepare sufficient fertilizer for the wheat field. Generally, the wheat field with heavy application of bottom fertilizer (especially ammonium hydrogen phosphate) grows faster and grows stronger than the wheat field with the same amount of fertilizer after the year. The wintering seedlings are less, the rate of ear formation is high, and the yield is significantly increased. Moreover, the method is simple, and can also make up for the disadvantages of strong volatility of ammonium bicarbonate, easy loss of fertilizer efficiency and inconvenient dressing. Generally, the clay soil with strong fertility ability can be used for more than half of the total nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period; the sandy soil with poor fertilizer retention capacity is less suitable, accounting for about 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer in the whole period. The bottom is appropriate. Increasing the application of phosphate fertilizer is a new stimulation measure in wheat production, especially in phosphorus-poor soils. The use of phosphate fertilizers to break through, nitrogen and phosphorus combined methods, the effect of increasing production is very obvious. According to a large number of experiments, it is necessary to apply more than 5,000 kilograms of high-quality soil and fertilizer to the wheat field with a yield of more than 500 kilograms per mu, 50 kilograms of standard nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, and 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
Second, returning to the green fertilizer should be due to seedlings. For the 2-3 m seedlings with weaker growth before winter or the wheat seedlings with poor soil fertility and long-term de-fertilization, they should be applied early and re-applied to the green fertilizer, and they can be robbed and chased when the surface begins to thaw. Generally, about 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be chased per acre, and the phosphorus-deficient wheat field should be mixed with 15 kg per mu of superphosphate. It is best to use diammonium phosphate for 10-15 kg per mu. Returning green fertilizer plays an important role in promoting the growth of wheat seedlings from weak to strong and increasing the number of ears per mu. However, for a type of seedling with a large number of seedlings, or a wheat field that is too prosperous but not de-fertilized, no green fertilizer is applied. It should be postponed until the time of getting up to control the invalid tillering, to achieve the purpose of increasing the tillering rate and increasing the number of ears per mu.
Third, the rational use of fertilizer water. The medium term is the period in which winter wheat requires the most water in its lifetime. Water demand accounts for about 35% of the total, and fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total. Especially in jointing and booting stages, it is very sensitive to water reaction. Each mu of standard nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) is about 15 kg.
Fourth, root dressing. Phosphorus spraying outside the root has obvious yield increasing effect. Generally, the second phosphate fertilizer is sprayed after flowering, and the weight of 1000 grains can be increased by 2-3 grams, and the yield is increased by 10%.
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